Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland; and.
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Aug;34(8):2369-2383. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003636.
Wilk, M, Tufano, JJ, and Zajac, A. The influence of movement tempo on acute neuromuscular, hormonal, and mechanical responses to resistance exercise-a mini review. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2369-2383, 2020-Resistance training studies mainly analyze variables such as the type and order of exercise, intensity, number of sets, number of repetitions, and duration and frequency of rest periods. However, one variable that is often overlooked in resistance training research, as well as in practice, is premeditated movement tempo, which can influence a myriad of mechanical and physiological factors associated with training and adaptation. Specifically, this article provides an overview of the available scientific literature and describes how slower tempos negatively affect the 1-repetition maximum, the possible load to be used, and the number of repetitions performed with a given load, while also increasing the total time under tension, which can mediate acute cardiovascular and hormonal responses. As a result, coaches should consider testing maximal strength and the maximal number of repetitions that can be performed with each movement tempo that is to be used during training. Otherwise, programming resistance training using various movement tempos is more of a trial-and-error approach, rather than being evidence or practice based. Furthermore, practical applications are provided to show how movement tempo can be adjusted for a variety of case study-type scenarios.
威尔克、M、图法诺、JJ 和扎亚茨、A. 运动节奏对阻力训练中急性神经肌肉、激素和机械反应的影响——小型综述。J 力量与调节研究 34(8)：2369-2383，2020-阻力训练研究主要分析变量，如运动类型和顺序、强度、组数、重复次数以及休息时间的持续时间和频率。然而，在阻力训练研究以及实践中，往往忽略了一个变量，即预先设定的运动节奏，它可以影响与训练和适应相关的无数机械和生理因素。具体来说，本文综述了现有科学文献，并描述了较慢的节奏如何对 1 次重复最大重量、可能使用的负荷以及在给定负荷下完成的重复次数产生负面影响，同时还增加了总张力时间，这可以调节急性心血管和激素反应。因此，教练应该考虑测试最大力量和每个运动节奏下可以完成的最大重复次数，这些节奏将在训练中使用。否则，使用各种运动节奏来规划阻力训练更多的是一种尝试和错误的方法，而不是基于证据或实践。此外，还提供了实际应用示例，展示了如何根据各种案例研究类型的场景调整运动节奏。
