College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Fitoterapia. 2020 Oct;146:104697. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104697. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
Fumaria species, commonly known as fumitory or earth smoke, are considered weeds in many regions. However, several Fumaria species have long been used in folk medicine, such as F. capreolata L., F. densiflora DC., F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, F. officinalis L., F. parviflora Lam., and F. vaillantii Loisel. as well. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of 24 Fumaria species have been investigated. Phytochemical studies on Fumaria species revealed the presence of numerous alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Phthalideisoquinolines (PTIs), protoberberines, and spirobenzylisoquinolines (SBIs) are the major alkaloids in the genus Fumaria. The plants biosynthesize a diverse group of biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids, and these may help to explain the use of various Fumaria species in folk medicine. Pharmacological studies revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. We found 159 articles published from 1969-2019 by searching the keyword "Fumaria" using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on our reading of these papers, Fumaria species appear to be a source of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and ethnomedicines. The lack of studies on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, quality control, and toxicology are discussed in this review. There is great potential for broader medicinal applications of this genus.
款冬属植物，俗称罂粟或土烟，在许多地区被视为杂草。然而，一些款冬属植物在民间医学中已有很长的应用历史，如 F. capreolata L.、F. densiflora DC.、F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley、F. officinalis L.、F. parviflora Lam. 和 F. vaillantii Loisel.。对 24 种款冬属植物的民族植物学、植物化学和药理学进行了研究。对款冬属植物的植物化学研究表明，存在许多生物碱、黄酮类、皂苷和萜类化合物。苯酞异喹啉（PTIs）、原小檗碱和螺苯并异喹啉（SBIs）是款冬属植物中的主要生物碱。这些植物生物合成了一组多样化的具有生物活性的异喹啉生物碱，这也许可以解释各种款冬属植物在民间医学中的应用。药理学研究表明，它们具有广泛的生物活性，如保肝、抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。通过在 SciFinder、Google Scholar 和 PubMed 等数据库中搜索关键词“Fumaria”，我们找到了 1969 年至 2019 年期间发表的 159 篇文章。根据我们对这些论文的阅读，款冬属植物似乎是生物活性异喹啉生物碱和民族药物的来源。本文讨论了该属植物在药理机制、药代动力学、临床疗效、质量控制和毒理学方面缺乏研究的情况。该属植物具有更广泛的药用应用潜力。
