Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Oct;56(4):106122. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106122. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Acanthamoebae are facultative parasites causing rare but serious infections such as keratitis and encephalitis and are also known as vectors for several bacterial pathogens, including legionellae and pseudomonads. Acanthamoeba cysts are particularly resilient and enable the amoebae to withstand desiccation and to resist disinfection and therapy. While the search for new therapeutic options has been intensified in the past years, hand and surface disinfectants as well as topical antiseptics for preventing infections have not been studied in detail to date. The aim of this study was to screen well-known and commonly used antimicrobial products in various formulations and different concentrations for their efficacy against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts, including aliphatic alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), peracetic acid (PAA), potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate (PPMS) and octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT). Of all products tested, OCT and QACs showed the highest efficacy, totally eradicating both trophozoites and cysts within 1 min. The determined 50% effective concentration (EC) for cysts was 0.196 mg/mL for OCT and 0.119 mg/mL for QACs after 1 min of exposure. PAA and PPMS showed reliable cysticidal efficacies only with prolonged incubation times of 30 min and 60 min, respectively. Aliphatic alcohols generally had limited efficacy, and only against trophozoites. In conclusion, OCT and QACs are potent actives against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts at concentrations used in commercially available products, within contact times suitable for surface and hand disinfection as well as topical antisepsis.
棘阿米巴原虫是兼性寄生虫，可引起罕见但严重的感染，如角膜炎和脑炎，也被称为几种细菌病原体（包括军团菌和假单胞菌）的载体。棘阿米巴包囊具有很强的弹性，使阿米巴能够耐受干燥，并抵抗消毒和治疗。虽然过去几年一直在加强寻找新的治疗方法，但迄今为止，尚未详细研究用于预防感染的手部和表面消毒剂以及局部防腐剂。本研究旨在筛选各种配方和不同浓度的知名且常用的抗菌产品对棘阿米巴滋养体和包囊的功效，包括脂肪醇、季铵化合物（QAC）、过氧乙酸（PAA）、过氧单硫酸钾（PPMS）和双氯己定（OCT）。在所有测试的产品中，OCT 和 QAC 的效果最高，在 1 分钟内完全消灭了滋养体和包囊。在 1 分钟的暴露时间内，OCT 和 QAC 对包囊的 50%有效浓度（EC）分别为 0.196mg/mL 和 0.119mg/mL。只有在 30 分钟和 60 分钟的延长孵育时间下，PAA 和 PPMS 才显示出可靠的杀囊效果。脂肪醇通常效果有限，仅对滋养体有效。总之，OCT 和 QAC 是在商业上可获得的产品中使用的浓度下对棘阿米巴滋养体和包囊具有强大活性的有效成分，在适用于表面和手部消毒以及局部防腐的接触时间内有效。
