Yousuf Abdilahi, Musa Ramli, Isa Muhammad Lokman Md, Arifin Siti Roshaidai Mohd
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jijiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatric, Kulliyah of Medicine, IIUM, Kuantan, Malaysia.
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020 Jul 21;16:59-66. doi: 10.2174/1745017902016010059. eCollection 2020.
It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV.
Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma.
The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemployed, and earning a monthly income less than 1400 ETB (37.5 USD) were significantly associated with depression. Women with symptomatic HIV clinical stage III (AOR =2.06, 95% C.I (0.75-5.61), with CD4 cell count below 250 (AOR = 1.14, 95% C.I (0.57-2.28), and with co-infections (AOR= 1.04, 95% C.I (0.40-2.71) also suffered from depression.
The study outcomes show that the prevalence of depression in women with HIV was 32.5%, but they were more likely to be depressed if they were illiterate, divorced, unemployed or had a financial burden. In addition, HIV positive women with less CD4 cell count and in the final clinical stage or suffered from a co-infection were also associated with depressive symptoms. This signifies the public health implications of psychological and cognitive morbidities of the illness among these women with chronic illnesses. Hence, future mental health interventions and HIV care should be integrated with substantial emphasis given to vulnerable groups, including HIV positive women.
已发现艾滋病毒呈阳性的女性越来越多地受到各种疾病的影响，包括抑郁症等常见精神障碍（CMD）。这种合并症会使疾病进展到严重阶段，并通常会妨碍治疗依从性。本研究确定了感染艾滋病毒女性中焦虑和抑郁的患病率。
基于一项横断面的机构研究，采用系统抽样技术从埃塞俄比亚吉吉加镇的两家公立医院招募了357名艾滋病毒呈阳性的女性。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）进行筛查，随后进行一份经过预测试的问卷，该问卷包括感知社会支持和艾滋病毒污名化。
结果显示，艾滋病毒呈阳性女性中焦虑和抑郁的患病率分别为28.9%和32.5%。在多变量分析中，发现未受过正规教育、离婚、失业以及月收入低于1400埃塞俄比亚比尔（37.5美元）与抑郁症显著相关。处于有症状的艾滋病毒临床三期的女性（调整后比值比=2.06，95%置信区间（0.75 - 5.61））、CD4细胞计数低于250的女性（调整后比值比=1.14，95%置信区间（0.57 - 2.28））以及合并感染的女性（调整后比值比=1.04，95%置信区间（0.40 - 2.71））也患有抑郁症。
研究结果表明，感染艾滋病毒女性中抑郁症的患病率为32.5%，但如果她们是文盲、离婚、失业或有经济负担，则更有可能患抑郁症。此外，CD4细胞计数较低、处于最终临床阶段或合并感染的艾滋病毒呈阳性女性也与抑郁症状有关。这表明了这些慢性病女性中该疾病的心理和认知疾病的公共卫生影响。因此，未来的心理健康干预措施和艾滋病毒护理应整合起来，并高度重视包括艾滋病毒呈阳性女性在内的弱势群体。
