埃塞俄比亚西南部艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者社交焦虑障碍的患病率及其决定因素：一项横断面研究。
The prevalence and determinants of social anxiety disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Alemayehu Yadeta, Adem Hussen Mustefa, Abdu Zakir, Dule Aman, Hajure Mohammedamin, Mulatu Gebremeskel, Gezimu Wubishet, Alemu Solomon Seyife, Wedajo Lema Fikadu
机构信息
Psychiatry Department, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia.
Midwifery Department, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Oct 4;15:1437891. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1437891. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Social anxiety disorder imposes impacts of functional disability, poor educational achievement, loss of work productivity, social impairment, greater financial dependency, and impairment in quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify determinants of social anxiety disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 May 2022 among 354 people living with HIV using a simple random sampling technique. The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) Scale was used to assess the presence of social anxiety disorder. Data were gathered using chart review tools and a structured questionnaire, which was administered by a pretested face-to-face interviewer. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse the data once they were imported into EpiData Manager version 4.6. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. After calculating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI), statistical significance was established at < 0.05.
RESULTS
A total of 336 respondents participated in the study, resulting in a response rate of 94.91%. The magnitude of social anxiety disorder was 32.44% (95% CI: 27.4, 37.2). Being female [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.61, 7.84], having a stage III/IV HIV/AIDS status (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 9.13), being alcohol dependent (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.45, 5.44), and having perceived stigma (AOR = 5.62, 95% CI: 2.95, 10.72) were predictors of social anxiety disorder.
CONCLUSION
In this study, approximately one-third of people living with HIV/AIDS had social anxiety disorder. Being female, having a stage III/IV HIV/AIDS status, being alcohol dependent, and having perceived stigma were predictors of social anxiety disorder. Therefore, training for health care providers on the screening, counselling, and management of social anxiety disorder is important.
背景
社交焦虑障碍会造成功能残疾、学业成绩不佳、工作效率损失、社交障碍、经济依赖增加以及生活质量受损等影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中社交焦虑障碍的患病率并确定其决定因素。
方法
于2022年5月1日至30日对354名艾滋病毒感染者采用简单随机抽样技术进行了一项横断面研究。使用社交恐惧症量表（SPIN）来评估社交焦虑障碍的存在情况。通过病历审查工具和结构化问卷收集数据，由经过预测试的面对面访谈者进行问卷调查。数据导入EpiData Manager 4.6版本后，使用SPSS 25版本进行分析。进行二元和多变量逻辑回归分析。在计算出具有95%置信区间（CI）的比值比后，设定<0.05为统计学显著性水平。
结果
共有336名受访者参与了研究，回复率为94.91%。社交焦虑障碍的发生率为32.44%（95%CI：27.4，37.2）。女性[调整后的比值比（AOR）=3.55，95%CI：1.61，7.84]、处于艾滋病毒/艾滋病Ⅲ/Ⅳ期（AOR =3.17，95%CI：1.10，9.13）、酒精依赖（AOR =2.81，95%CI：1.45，5.44）以及感知到耻辱感（AOR =5.62，95%CI：2.95，10.72）是社交焦虑障碍的预测因素。
结论
在本研究中，约三分之一的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者患有社交焦虑障碍。女性、处于艾滋病毒/艾滋病Ⅲ/Ⅳ期、酒精依赖以及感知到耻辱感是社交焦虑障碍的预测因素。因此，对医疗保健提供者进行社交焦虑障碍筛查、咨询和管理方面的培训很重要。
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