Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Nutr Sci. 2020 Jul 6;9:e27. doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.21. eCollection 2020.
Litter size reduction can induce early overnourishment, being an attractive experimental model to study short- and long-term consequences of childhood obesity. Epidemiological data indicate sex differences regarding cardiometabolic disorders and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present study aimed to describe biometric, nutritional and cardiovascular changes related to neonatal overweight promoted by litter size reduction in young and adult Wistar rats of both sexes. Litter adjustment to eight or four pups/mother (1:1 male-to-female ratio) gave, respectively, control and overweight groups. Body mass, food intake, haemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters and cardiorespiratory capacity were evaluated at postnatal days 30 and 150. Diminished litters were correlated with higher body mass and weight gain (12 %) during lactation, validating the experimental model of neonatal overweight. Soon after weaning male (16 %) and female (25 %) offspring of these litters presented a lower food intake than their respective control, without differences in body mass. Adult males from reduced litters presented higher abdominal circumference (7 %), systolic blood pressure (10 %), interventricular septum thickness (15 %) and relative wall thickness (15 %) compared with their respective control. Rats' performance on the maximal effort ergometer test was not affected by neonatal overweight. Data suggest the occurrence of catch-down growth and hypophagia in male and female rats submitted to neonatal overweight. However, only male rats presented haemodynamic and cardiac structural changes. These findings are crucial to personalised/gender medicine.
产仔数减少可导致早期营养过剩，成为研究儿童期肥胖症短期和长期后果的有吸引力的实验模型。流行病学数据表明，心血管代谢紊乱和肥厚型心肌病存在性别差异。本研究旨在描述通过减少新生 Wistar 大鼠的产仔数（1:1 雌雄比例）导致的超重相关的生物计量学、营养和心血管变化，分别为对照组和超重组。在产后第 30 天和第 150 天评估体重、食物摄入量、血液动力学和超声心动图参数以及心肺能力。体重减轻的窝仔与哺乳期体重增加（12%）相关，验证了新生儿超重的实验模型。这些窝仔的雄性（16%）和雌性（25%）后代在断奶后不久的食物摄入量低于各自的对照组，而体重没有差异。来自减少窝仔的成年雄性大鼠的腹围（7%）、收缩压（10%）、室间隔厚度（15%）和相对壁厚度（15%）高于各自的对照组。最大努力测功仪测试中大鼠的表现不受新生儿超重的影响。数据表明，经历新生儿超重的雄性和雌性大鼠发生追赶性生长和食欲减退。然而，只有雄性大鼠出现血液动力学和心脏结构变化。这些发现对于个性化/性别医学至关重要。
