Department of Reproductive Medicine, "Maichin Dom" State University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Jul;35(13):2591-2605. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1787977. Epub 2020 Aug 2.
Human implantation is a highly complex and multifactorial process. Successful implantation requires the presence of a healthy embryo, a receptive endometrium, and a synchronized molecular dialogue between the two, as well as immune tolerance/protection from the host. The endometrial receptivity refers to a hormonally limited period in which the endometrial tissue acquires a transient functional status allowing blastocyst implantation and pregnancy initiation. Global knowledge of endometrial receptivity grew up in recent years. Improvements in genetics, new biomarkers, noninvasive methods, new advanced techniques (Endometrial receptivity assay - the ERA system, proteomic analysis) offer the possibility to evaluate the endometrial status and to manage patients with infertility problems, especially women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. This overview reports the most relevant knowledge and recent advances in the study of implantation processes from the perspective of the endometrium, often considered as being the main barrier for a successful pregnancy initiation. Endometrial receptivity is a topic of great interest and further studies are needed for the early identification of endometrial abnormalities and the discovery of new strategies for increasing the chance for the establishment of pregnancy.
人类着床是一个高度复杂和多因素的过程。成功的着床需要健康的胚胎、接受性的子宫内膜以及两者之间同步的分子对话，还需要宿主的免疫耐受/保护。子宫内膜容受性是指子宫内膜组织获得短暂的功能状态的激素限制期，允许胚泡着床和妊娠开始。近年来，全球对子宫内膜容受性的认识不断提高。遗传学的进步、新的生物标志物、非侵入性方法、新的先进技术（子宫内膜容受性检测——ERA 系统、蛋白质组学分析）提供了评估子宫内膜状态和管理不孕问题患者的可能性，尤其是接受辅助生殖治疗的女性。本文从子宫内膜的角度综述了着床过程研究的最新进展和相关知识，因为子宫内膜通常被认为是成功妊娠开始的主要障碍。子宫内膜容受性是一个非常感兴趣的话题，需要进一步研究来早期识别子宫内膜异常，并发现增加妊娠机会的新策略。
