Jo Sung Eun, Hwang Hye Rim, Kim Yun Jin, Lee Sang Yeoup, Lee Jeong Gyu, Yi Yu Hyeon, Cho Young Hye, Tak Young Jin, Lee Seung Hun, Park Eun Ju, Lee Youngin
Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Korean J Fam Med. 2021 May;42(3):225-231. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0103. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Although many studies have demonstrated that the first cigarette in the morning increases the prevalence of smoking-related morbidity, limited studies have examined the impact of time to first cigarette (TTFC) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, we assessed this relationship using nationally-representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 (2016).
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 577 current male smokers aged 30-59 years, after excluding those with a certain disease. Participants were divided into four categories according to TTFC (≤5 min, 6-30 min, 31-60 min, >60 min). HRQoL was measured using self-reported EuroQol-5 (EQ-5D). The relationship between TTFC and EQ-5D index was analyzed using a multivariate-adjusted generalized linear model to assess how HRQoL varies according to TTFC. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which of the five dimensions of the EQ-5D affected the HRQoL according to TTFC.
The generalized linear analysis indicated that as TTFC decreased (6-30 min, 31-60 min vs. >60 min), the EQ-5D index score decreased significantly (P=0.037). Shorter TTFC (≤5 min vs. >60 min) was associated with higher pain/discomfort (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-10.48) and anxiety/depression (OR, 7.58; 95% CI, 1.75-32.88).
Higher nicotine dependence was associated with impaired HRQoL. These results may be used to improve smoking cessation treatment outcomes.
尽管许多研究表明早晨的第一支烟会增加吸烟相关疾病的患病率，但针对吸第一支烟的时间（TTFC）对健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）影响的研究较少。因此，我们使用韩国国家健康与营养检查调查 VII-1（2016 年）的全国代表性数据评估了这种关系。
我们对 577 名年龄在 30 - 59 岁的现职男性吸烟者的数据进行了横断面研究，排除了患有特定疾病的人群。参与者根据 TTFC（≤5 分钟、6 - 30 分钟、31 - 60 分钟、>60 分钟）分为四类。使用自我报告的欧洲五维度健康量表（EQ - 5D）测量 HRQoL。使用多变量调整的广义线性模型分析 TTFC 与 EQ - 5D 指数之间的关系，以评估 HRQoL 如何随 TTFC 变化。在调整混杂因素后，进行多变量调整的逻辑回归分析，以确定 EQ - 5D 的五个维度中哪些根据 TTFC 影响了 HRQoL。
广义线性分析表明，随着 TTFC 缩短（6 - 30 分钟、31 - 60 分钟与>60 分钟相比），EQ - 5D 指数得分显著降低（P = 0.037）。较短的 TTFC（≤5 分钟与>60 分钟相比）与更高的疼痛/不适（优势比[OR]，3.82；95%置信区间[CI]，1.39 - 10.48）和焦虑/抑郁（OR，7.58；95%CI，1.75 - 32.88）相关。
更高的尼古丁依赖性与受损的 HRQoL 相关。这些结果可用于改善戒烟治疗效果。
