Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Life Sci. 2020 Oct 1;258:118185. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118185. Epub 2020 Aug 1.
The immune response is essential for the control and resolution of viral infections. Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several immunotherapies were applied to modulate the immune responses of the affected patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of the immune system in response to COVID-19. We also provide a systematic review to collate and describe all published reports of the using immunotherapies, including convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and intravenous immunoglobulin and their important outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
A thorough search strategy was applied to identify published research trials in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE from Dec 1, 2019, to May 4, 2020, for studies reporting clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with immunotherapies along with other standard cares.
From an initial screen of 80 identified studies, 24 studies provided clinical outcome data on the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, including convalescent plasma therapy (33 patients), monoclonal antibodies (55 patients), interferon (31 patients), mesenchymal stem cell therapy (8 patient), and immunoglobulin (63 patients). Except for nine severe patients who died after treatment, most patients were recovered from COVID-19 with improved clinical symptoms and laboratory assessment.
Based on the available evidence, it seems that treatment with immunotherapy along with other standard cares could be an effective and safe approach to modulate the immune system and improvement of clinical outcomes.
免疫反应对于控制和解决病毒感染至关重要。在新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发后，应用了几种免疫疗法来调节受影响患者的免疫反应。在本综述中，我们旨在描述免疫系统在应对 COVID-19 中的作用。我们还进行了系统综述，以收集和描述所有已发表的关于免疫疗法的报告，包括恢复期血浆疗法、单克隆抗体、细胞因子疗法、间充质干细胞疗法和静脉注射免疫球蛋白，以及它们在 COVID-19 患者中的重要结果。
应用了全面的搜索策略，以在 PubMed、Scopus、Medline 和 EMBASE 中从 2019 年 12 月 1 日至 2020 年 5 月 4 日搜索发表的研究试验，以寻找报告 COVID-19 患者接受免疫疗法与其他标准治疗相结合的临床结果的研究。
从最初筛选的 80 项研究中，有 24 项研究提供了免疫疗法治疗 COVID-19 患者的临床结果数据，包括恢复期血浆疗法（33 例）、单克隆抗体（55 例）、干扰素（31 例）、间充质干细胞疗法（8 例）和免疫球蛋白（63 例）。除了 9 例治疗后死亡的重症患者外，大多数患者从 COVID-19 中康复，临床症状和实验室评估得到改善。
根据现有证据，免疫疗法联合其他标准治疗似乎是一种调节免疫系统和改善临床结果的有效且安全的方法。
