Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interactions, State University of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2020 Dec;260:127654. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127654. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
The emerging growth of nanotechnology has attracted great attention due to its application in the parasite and intermediate host control. However, the knowledge concerning the mechanism of action (MoA) and toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) to snails remain unclear. In this context, the present study revised the historical use of snails as experimental models in nanotoxicological studies and summarized the MoA and toxicity of NMs in aquatic and land snails. The data concerning the bioaccumulation, reproductive and transgenerational toxicity, embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and potential molluscicidal activity of NMs were revised. Furthermore, the data about the experimental conditions, such as exposure time, concentrations, cell and tissue-specific responses, snail species and nanoparticle types are discussed. Revised data showed that the toxic effects of NMs were reported for 21 snail species with medical, veterinary and ecological importance. The NM toxicity to snails is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of NMs, as well as their environmental transformation and experimental design. The NM bioaccumulation on snails was related to several toxic effects, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, following by oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. The NM metabolism in snails remains unknown. Results showed the potential use of NMs in the snail control program. Also, significant research gaps and recommendations for future researches are indicated. The present study confirms that snails are suitable invertebrate model system to assess the nanotoxicity.
纳米技术的新兴发展引起了人们的极大关注，因为它在寄生虫和中间宿主控制方面有应用。然而，关于纳米材料（NMs）对蜗牛的作用机制（MoA）和毒性的知识尚不清楚。在这种情况下，本研究回顾了蜗牛作为纳米毒理学研究实验模型的历史应用，并总结了 NMs 在水生和陆生蜗牛中的作用机制和毒性。本文还回顾了关于 NMs 的生物累积、生殖和代际毒性、胚胎毒性、遗传毒性和潜在杀螺活性的数据。此外，还讨论了有关实验条件的数据，例如暴露时间、浓度、细胞和组织特异性反应、蜗牛物种和纳米颗粒类型。修订后的数据表明，有 21 种具有医学、兽医和生态重要性的蜗牛物种报道了 NMs 的毒性作用。NMs 对蜗牛的毒性取决于 NMs 的物理和化学性质，以及它们的环境转化和实验设计。NMs 在蜗牛体内的生物累积与几种毒性作用有关，例如活性氧（ROS）的产生、氧化应激，随后是 DNA、脂质和蛋白质的氧化损伤。NMs 在蜗牛体内的代谢仍然未知。结果表明 NMs 具有在蜗牛控制计划中应用的潜力。同时，也指出了未来研究的重大研究差距和建议。本研究证实，蜗牛是一种适合评估纳米毒性的无脊椎动物模型系统。
