Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
Arch Osteoporos. 2020 Aug 5;15(1):123. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00803-7.
Basketball athletes possess a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than matched non-athletes and swimming, soccer, and volleyball athletes. Differences appear to be exacerbated with continued training and competition beyond adolescence. The greater BMD in basketball athletes compared to non-athletes, swimming, and soccer athletes is more pronounced in males than females.
The aim of this study was to examine differences in total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) between basketball athletes, non-athletes, and athletes competing in swimming, soccer, and volleyball, considering age and sex.
PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched. Included studies consisted of basketball players and at least one group of non-athletes, swimming, soccer, or volleyball athletes. BMD data were meta-analyzed. Cohen's d effect sizes [95% confidence intervals (CI)] were interpreted as: trivial ≤ 0.20, small = 0.20-0.59, moderate = 0.60-1.19, large = 1.20-1.99, and very large ≥ 2.00.
Basketball athletes exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher BMD compared to non-athletes (small-moderate effect in total-body: d = 1.06, CI 0.55, 1.56; spine: d = 0.67, CI 0.40, 0.93; lumbar spine: d = 0.96, CI 0.57, 1.35; upper limbs: d = 0.70, CI 0.29, 1.10; lower limbs: d = 1.14, CI 0.60, 1.68; pelvis: d = 1.16, CI 0.05, 2.26; trunk: d = 1.00, CI 0.65, 1.35; and femoral neck: d = 0.57, CI 0.16, 0.99), swimming athletes (moderate-very large effect in total-body: d = 1.33, CI 0.59, 2.08; spine: d = 1.04, CI 0.60, 1.48; upper limbs: d = 1.19, CI 0.16, 2.22; lower limbs: d = 2.76, CI 1.45, 4.06; pelvis d = 1.72, CI 0.63, 2.81; and trunk: d = 1.61, CI 1.19, 2.04), soccer athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.58, CI 0.18, 0.97), and volleyball athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.32, CI 0.00, 0.65; and pelvis: d = 0.48, CI 0.07, 0.88). Differences in total and regional BMD between groups increased with age and appeared greater in males than in females.
Basketball athletes exhibit a greater BMD compared to non-athletes, as well as athletes involved in swimming, soccer, and volleyball.
篮球运动员的骨矿物质密度（BMD）高于同年龄、性别的非运动员，也高于游泳、足球和排球运动员。这种差异似乎随着青春期后持续的训练和比赛而加剧。与非运动员和游泳、足球运动员相比，篮球运动员的 BMD 更高，这种差异在男性中比女性更为明显。
本研究旨在通过考虑年龄和性别，检查篮球运动员与非运动员以及游泳、足球和排球运动员之间的总骨密度（BMD）和区域骨密度（BMD）的差异。
检索了 PubMed、MEDLINE、ERIC、Google Scholar 和 Science Direct 数据库。纳入的研究包括篮球运动员和至少一组非运动员、游泳、足球或排球运动员。对 BMD 数据进行了荟萃分析。Cohen's d 效应大小[95%置信区间（CI）]解释为：微不足道≤0.20，小=0.20-0.59，中=0.60-1.19，大=1.20-1.99，非常大≥2.00。
与非运动员相比，篮球运动员的 BMD 显著更高（p<0.05）（全身小-中效应：d=1.06，CI0.55，1.56；脊柱：d=0.67，CI0.40，0.93；腰椎：d=0.96，CI0.57，1.35；上肢：d=0.70，CI0.29，1.10；下肢：d=1.14，CI0.60，1.68；骨盆：d=1.16，CI0.05，2.26；躯干：d=1.00，CI0.65，1.35；股骨颈：d=0.57，CI0.16，0.99）、游泳运动员（全身大-非常大效应：d=1.33，CI0.59，2.08；脊柱：d=1.04，CI0.60，1.48；上肢：d=1.19，CI0.16，2.22；下肢：d=2.76，CI1.45，4.06；骨盆：d=1.72，CI0.63，2.81；躯干：d=1.61，CI1.19，2.04）、足球运动员（全身小效应：d=0.58，CI0.18，0.97）和排球运动员（全身小效应：d=0.32，CI0.00，0.65；骨盆：d=0.48，CI0.07，0.88）。各群体之间的总骨密度和区域骨密度差异随年龄的增长而增加，且男性的差异大于女性。
与非运动员以及游泳、足球和排球运动员相比，篮球运动员的 BMD 更高。
