埃塞俄比亚成年人口中超重/肥胖的患病率：一项系统评价与荟萃分析
Prevalence of overweight/obesity among the adult population in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Kassie Ayelign Mengesha, Abate Biruk Beletew, Kassaw Mesfin Wudu
机构信息
Department of Nursing, Woldia, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Amhara, Ethiopia
Department of Nursing, Woldia, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Amhara, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2020 Aug 6;10(8):e039200. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039200.
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity are emerging public health problems in Ethiopia. However, primary study findings on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ethiopia are inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Studies that looked at overweight and obesity among adults were searched from four international databases. The search involved articles published from 1 January 2010 to 10 March 2020. The Cochran's Q χ and the I test statistics were used to check heterogeneity among the studies. The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests were also used to assess the presence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis was performed by residence, study setting, sample size and year of study. Sensitivity analysis was also done to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled estimates. Data analysis was done using STATA V.14 software program.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies with 19 527 study participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of overweight among adults in Ethiopia was 20.4%, and after adjustment for publication bias with the trim-and-fill analysis, the estimated prevalence rate was changed to 19%. Besides, the estimated pooled prevalence of obesity was 5.4%. The prevalence of overweight was higher, 22.6% in studies published since 2015, 22.4% in studies conducted only in urban settings and 24.4% in studies with small sample size (≤384 participants). Similarly, the prevalence of obesity was 6.9% in studies published since 2015, 6.2% in studies conducted only in urban settings, 6.4% in institution-based settings and 9.6% in studies with small sample size.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in Ethiopia compared with previous studies. This needs large scale awareness creation campaigns and situation-based and context-specific prevention strategies.
背景
超重和肥胖在埃塞俄比亚正成为日益严重的公共卫生问题。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚超重和肥胖患病率的初步研究结果并不一致。因此，本研究旨在估计埃塞俄比亚成年人中超重和肥胖的合并患病率。
方法
从四个国际数据库中检索有关成年人超重和肥胖的研究。检索范围包括2010年1月1日至2020年3月10日发表的文章。使用Cochran's Q χ和I检验统计量来检查研究之间的异质性。漏斗图和Egger回归检验也用于评估发表偏倚的存在。按居住地、研究地点、样本量和研究年份进行亚组分析。还进行了敏感性分析，以评估单个研究对合并估计值的影响。使用STATA V.14软件程序进行数据分析。
结果
本系统评价和荟萃分析共纳入16项研究，涉及19527名研究参与者。埃塞俄比亚成年人超重的估计合并患病率为20.4%，经修剪填充分析校正发表偏倚后，估计患病率变为19%。此外，肥胖的估计合并患病率为5.4%。超重患病率较高，2015年以来发表的研究中为22.6%，仅在城市环境中进行的研究中为22.4%，样本量较小（≤384名参与者）的研究中为24.4%。同样，肥胖患病率在2015年以来发表的研究中为6.9%，仅在城市环境中进行的研究中为6.2%，基于机构的研究中为6.4%，样本量较小的研究中为9.6%。
结论
与以往研究相比，埃塞俄比亚超重和肥胖的患病率较高。这需要开展大规模的宣传活动以及基于情况和具体背景的预防策略。
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