Institut Pasteur, HIV Inflammation and Persistence Laboratory, Paris, France.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2021 Jan;21(1):5-19. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0381-7. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite treatment. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. In the past few years, the decisive role of cellular metabolism in the fate and activity of immune cells has been uncovered, as well as its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolism has a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The metabolic pathways of CD4 T cells and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection, the persistence of infected cells and the establishment of latency. Immunometabolism also shapes immune responses against HIV-1, and cell metabolic products are key drivers of inflammation during infection. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
抗逆转录病毒疗法能有效地阻止 HIV-1 的复制，但需要终身维持治疗。此外，慢性炎症是 HIV-1 感染的一个标志，尽管进行了治疗，但仍持续存在。因此，迫切需要更好地了解驱动 HIV-1 发病机制的机制，并确定治疗干预的新靶点。在过去的几年中，细胞代谢在免疫细胞的命运和活性中的决定性作用，以及其对传染病结果的影响，已经被揭示。新出现的证据表明，免疫代谢在 HIV-1 发病机制中起着关键作用。CD4 T 细胞和巨噬细胞的代谢途径决定了它们对感染的易感性、受感染细胞的持久性和潜伏期的建立。免疫代谢也影响了针对 HIV-1 的免疫反应，细胞代谢产物是感染期间炎症的关键驱动因素。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 HIV-1 感染与免疫代谢之间的联系的现有知识，并讨论了治疗干预的潜在机会和挑战。
