Mohammadifard Noushin, Haghighatdoost Fahimeh, Nouri Fatemeh, Khosravi Alireza, Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Res Med Sci. 2020 May 22;25:50. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_1048_18. eCollection 2020.
Although increasing salt intake is associated with greater odds of obesity, little is known about its relationship with body fat. We investigated the relation of urinary sodium (UNa) with obesity indices, including Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
A total of 508 free-living adults aged ≥ 19 years were selected through stratified multistage random method as a representative of general population from central parts of Iran and were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary sodium intake was measured using 24-h UNa (24-UNa) excretion. Weight, height, and WC were measured using standard protocols and calibrated equipment and used to measure obesity indicators, including BMI, WHtR, ABSI, and CUN-BAE. Adjusted univariate multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of having greater obesity measures across the tertiles of 24-UNa.
Individuals in the top tertile of 24-UNa in comparison with those in the first tertile had greater body weight (72.02 ± 1.00 vs. 66.02 ± 0.89 kg; < 0.0001), BMI (26.14 ± 0.33 vs. 24.82 ± 0.29 kg/m; = 0.007), and CUN-BAE (29.89 ± 0.42 vs. 28.38 ± 0.78; = 0.036). There was a trend toward an increment in WC by increasing sodium intake ( = 0.073). After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with greater sodium consumption had greater chance for overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.007; = 0.015), abdominal obesity (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.00-1.008; = 0.031), and more body fat (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.003-1.01; = 0.001). No significant association was found for sodium and WHtR and ABSI.
Greater 24-UNa excretion was associated with greater means of body weight, BMI, WC, and CUN-BAE. Although changes in obesity indices per each additional 24-UNa excretion were small, our findings are relevant because of the rising obesity epidemic.
尽管盐摄入量增加与肥胖几率增大有关，但其与体脂的关系却鲜为人知。我们研究了尿钠（UNa）与肥胖指标的关系，这些指标包括纳瓦拉大学临床体脂估计器（CUN - BAE）、体型指数（ABSI）、体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和腰高比（WHtR）。
通过分层多阶段随机方法，从伊朗中部地区选取了508名年龄≥19岁的自由生活成年人作为一般人群的代表，纳入本横断面研究。采用24小时尿钠（24 - UNa）排泄量来测量膳食钠摄入量。使用标准方案和校准设备测量体重、身高和腰围，并用于测量肥胖指标，包括BMI、WHtR、ABSI和CUN - BAE。采用调整后的单变量多因素逻辑回归分析，评估24 - UNa三分位数水平上肥胖测量值增加的风险。
24 - UNa最高三分位数组的个体与第一三分位数组相比，体重更重（72.02±1.00 vs. 66.02±0.89 kg；P<0.0001），BMI更高（26.14±0.33 vs. 24.82±0.29 kg/m²；P = 0.007），CUN - BAE更高（29.89±0.42 vs. 28.38±0.78；P = 0.036）。随着钠摄入量增加，腰围有增加趋势（P = 0.073）。在控制潜在混杂因素后，钠摄入量较高的个体超重几率更大（比值比[OR]：1.004，95%置信区间[CI]：1.001 - 1.007；P = 0.015），腹部肥胖几率更大（OR：1.004，95% CI：1.00 - 1.008；P = 0.031），体脂更多（OR：1.007，95% CI：1.003 - 1.01；P = 0.001）。未发现钠与WHtR和ABSI之间存在显著关联。
24 - UNa排泄量增加与体重、BMI、腰围和CUN - BAE的均值升高有关。尽管每增加一次24 - UNa排泄量，肥胖指标的变化很小，但鉴于肥胖流行趋势不断上升，我们的研究结果具有相关性。
