Moghadam Majid T, Chegini Zahra, Norouzi Amin, Dousari Amin S, Shariati Aref
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2021;22(7):945-959. doi: 10.2174/1389201021666200807110849.
Helicobacter pylori causes dangerous and deadly diseases such as gastric cancer and duodenal ulcers. Eradication and treatment of this bacterium are very important due to the deadly diseases caused by H. pylori and the high cost of treatment for countries.
Thus, we present a complete list of the most important causes of failure in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori, and address new therapeutic methods that may be effective in controlling this bacterium in the future.
Many efforts have been made to control and eradicate this bacterium over the years, but no success has been achieved since its eradication is a complex process affected by the bacterial properties and host factors. Previous studies have shown that various factors are involved in the failure to eradicate H. pylori, such as new genotypes of the bacterium with higher pathogenicity, inappropriate patient cooperation, mutations, biofilm formation and dormant forms that cause antibiotic resistance, acidic stomach pH, high bacterial load, smoking, immunosuppressive features and intracellular occurrence of H. pylori. On the other hand, recent studies reported that the use of probiotics, nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, natural product and vaccines can be helpful in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori infections.
Eradication of H. pylori is crucial for the treatment of important diseases such as gastric cancer. Therefore, it seems that identifying the failure causes of treating this bacterium can be helpful in controlling the infections. Besides, further studies on new therapeutic strategies may help eradicate H. pylori in the future.
幽门螺杆菌会引发诸如胃癌和十二指肠溃疡等危险且致命的疾病。鉴于幽门螺杆菌所导致的致命疾病以及各国高昂的治疗费用，根除和治疗这种细菌非常重要。
因此，我们列出了治疗和根除幽门螺杆菌失败的最重要原因的完整清单，并探讨了未来可能有效控制这种细菌的新治疗方法。
多年来人们为控制和根除这种细菌付出了诸多努力，但由于根除过程复杂，受到细菌特性和宿主因素的影响，尚未取得成功。先前的研究表明，多种因素与幽门螺杆菌根除失败有关，例如具有更高致病性的细菌新基因型、患者配合不当、突变、生物膜形成以及导致抗生素耐药性的休眠形式、胃酸pH值低、细菌载量高、吸烟、免疫抑制特征以及幽门螺杆菌在细胞内的存在。另一方面，近期研究报告称，使用益生菌、纳米颗粒、抗菌肽、天然产物和疫苗可能有助于治疗和根除幽门螺杆菌感染。
根除幽门螺杆菌对于治疗诸如胃癌等重要疾病至关重要。因此，似乎确定治疗这种细菌失败的原因有助于控制感染。此外，对新治疗策略的进一步研究可能有助于未来根除幽门螺杆菌。
