ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu FabraUniversity, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Environ Res. 2020 Oct;189:109866. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109866. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
An emerging body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace during pregnancy with improved fetal growth; however, all available studies have been conducted in high-income countries and the available evidence evaluating such an association for visual access to greenspace, use of green spaces and indoor plants is non-existent. We aimed to evaluate the association between a comprehensive array of indicators of exposure to greenspace during pregnancy, including the aforementioned indicators, and birth weight, in a middle-income country and evaluating air pollution and visual access as possible mechanisms underlying the association. This study was based on 301 pregnant women residing in Su et al. (2019). For each pregnant woman, we characterized exposure to residential surrounding greenspace, visual access to greenspace, residential proximity to green space, use of green spaces, and the number of plant pots at home. We used linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates including measures of socioeconomic status. We found positive associations of maternal exposure to residential surrounding greenspace across a 100 m buffer, frequent viewing of greenspace through the window, percentage of window area covered by greenspace, residential proximity to any green space regardless of its area, time spent in public green spaces and total time spent in public and private green spaces with birth weight. We also observed positive associations of maternal exposure to residential surrounding greenspace across 300 m and 500 m buffers, residential proximity to a green space with an area ≥5000 m, and indoor plant pots with birth weight, but none of these associations were statistically significant. The magnitude of the associations tended to be higher among parents with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation through air pollution or visual access was not established. Findings from this study suggested a positive role of different aspects of exposure to greenspace during pregnancy on birth weight in a middle-income country.
越来越多的证据表明，孕妇在怀孕期间接触绿地与胎儿生长发育改善有关；然而，所有可用的研究都是在高收入国家进行的，目前还没有评估孕妇接触绿地、使用绿地和室内植物等方面与视觉接触绿地之间的关系的证据。我们旨在评估在一个中等收入国家，孕妇在怀孕期间接触绿地的一系列综合指标（包括上述指标）与出生体重之间的关系，并评估空气污染和视觉接触是否是这种关联的潜在机制。本研究基于 Su 等人（2019 年）的 301 名孕妇。对于每一位孕妇，我们对居住周围绿地的暴露情况、绿地的视觉接触情况、居住与绿地的接近程度、对绿地的使用情况以及家中的植物盆数量进行了描述。我们使用线性回归模型，根据相关协变量进行了调整，包括社会经济地位的衡量指标。我们发现，孕妇在 100 米缓冲区范围内接触住宅周围绿地、经常通过窗户观看绿地、窗户被绿地覆盖的面积百分比、居住与任何绿地的接近程度（无论其面积大小）、在公共绿地和私人绿地的总时间与出生体重呈正相关。我们还观察到孕妇在 300 米和 500 米缓冲区范围内接触住宅周围绿地、居住与面积≥5000 平方米的绿地的接近程度、以及室内植物盆与出生体重呈正相关，但这些关联均无统计学意义。在社会经济地位较低的父母中，关联的幅度往往更高。通过空气污染或视觉接触进行的中介作用没有得到证实。本研究结果表明，在中等收入国家，孕妇在怀孕期间接触绿地的不同方面对出生体重有积极作用。
