Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Oct;130:110615. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110615. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
RNA transcripts that not undergo translation into polypeptides recently came into focus of research. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise the most important groups of these transcripts. LncRNAs have a length over 200 nucleotides and like mRNAs, have regulated transcription in a tissue specific manner. Biogenesis and function of lncRNAs is related to cell differentiation, response to stimuli and regulation of immune responses. LncRNAs can interact with both miRNAs and mRNAs. MiRNAs are characterized by a length of 22-24 nucleotides. MiRNAs regulate expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. LncRNAs together with miRNAs are considered as regulators of the immune system. Alterations in their biogenesis is an important mechanism in the development immune related disorders. CircRNAs are products of aberrant maturation of protein-coding transcripts in a process of back-splicing, in which a single strand RNA molecule attains a closed circle shape. Despite a low expression, some circRNA were found to titrate miRNAs and interfere with maturation of legitimate protein-coding transcripts. We summarize the current knowledge on the role of non-coding transcripts in allergic disorders: asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The reviewed data suggest lncRNA and miRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers of allergic disorders.
最近，未翻译为多肽的 RNA 转录本成为研究焦点。长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）、微小 RNA（miRNA）和环状 RNA（circRNA）构成了这些转录本最重要的类别。lncRNA 的长度超过 200 个核苷酸，与 mRNAs 一样，以组织特异性的方式调节转录。lncRNA 的生物发生和功能与细胞分化、对刺激的反应和免疫反应的调节有关。lncRNA 可以与 miRNA 和 mRNA 相互作用。miRNA 的特征是长度为 22-24 个核苷酸。miRNA 在转录后水平调节基因的表达。lncRNA 与 miRNA 一起被认为是免疫系统的调节剂。它们生物发生的改变是免疫相关疾病发展的重要机制。circRNA 是蛋白质编码转录物在反向剪接过程中异常成熟的产物，其中单链 RNA 分子形成闭环形状。尽管表达水平较低，但一些 circRNA 被发现可以滴定 miRNA，并干扰合法的蛋白质编码转录物的成熟。我们总结了非编码转录物在过敏性疾病（如哮喘、特应性皮炎、过敏性鼻炎和荨麻疹）中的作用的最新知识。综述数据表明，lncRNA 和 miRNA 可以作为过敏性疾病的治疗靶点和生物标志物。
