School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Sociol Health Illn. 2020 Nov;42(8):1967-1981. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13173. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
Over the past decade, some of the world's most stable parliamentary democracies have witnessed a revival in right-wing populist political parties, movements and leaders. Although there is a growing body of theoretical and empirical literature documenting the rise of populism, there has been very little exploration of the implications for health policy of this important political development. In this article, we draw from three illustrative international cases, originating from the USA, the UK and Italy, to explore the ways in which right-wing populism influences health policy: the election of President Trump in the United States (and subsequent healthcare reforms), the United Kingdom's vote to withdraw from the European Union (Brexit), and how this has played out in the context of the UK National Health Service, and the rise of a politically aligned anti-vaccination movement in Italy. Drawing on the work of the influential socio-political theorist Ernesto Laclau, we interpret populism as a performative political act, predicated on drawing logics of equivalence (and difference) between different actors. We use this theoretical framing to explore the ways in which the recent upsurge in right-wing populism creates a specific set of barriers and challenges for access to healthcare and the health of populations.
在过去的十年中，一些世界上最稳定的议会民主国家见证了右翼民粹主义政党、运动和领导人的复兴。尽管有越来越多的理论和实证文献记录了民粹主义的兴起，但对于这一重要政治发展对卫生政策的影响，几乎没有进行过探索。在本文中，我们从美国、英国和意大利这三个具有代表性的国际案例出发，探讨右翼民粹主义影响卫生政策的方式：美国总统特朗普的当选（以及随后的医疗改革）、英国脱欧公投（Brexit），以及这在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）背景下的表现，以及意大利政治结盟的反疫苗运动的兴起。我们借鉴有影响力的社会政治理论家埃内斯托·拉克劳（ Ernesto Laclau ）的工作，将民粹主义解释为一种表现性的政治行为，其前提是在不同行为者之间建立等价（和差异）的逻辑。我们使用这一理论框架来探讨最近右翼民粹主义的高涨为获得医疗保健和人口健康带来的一系列具体障碍和挑战。
