Mikosz R P, Andriacchi T P, Andersson G B
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
J Orthop Res. 1988;6(2):205-14. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100060207.
A three-dimensional stochastic mathematical muscle model of the knee joint has been developed and applied to a study in which the influence of both mechanical and physiological factors were examined in relation to the prediction of muscular forces about the joint. The model includes a representation of the proximal portion of the tibia and distal portion of the femur along with a mathematical expression of the patellar mechanism and 13 muscles crossing the knee joint. The model accounts for the rolling and gliding movement of the tibial-femoral articulation. The computational technique involves equilibrating three components of external moments at the knee joint to the internal moments generated by muscular forces and soft tissue. The variables contained in the moment equilibrium equation are randomly chosen based on the choice of the tibial-femoral contact point. The randomness of the variables, reflected in the final solution, defines a stochastic process in the context of the present model. Studies with the model indicated that a very important mechanical aspect of the model was the capability to simulate the moving contact point between the tibia and femur. The moving contact point increased the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles by 50%, which corresponded to in vivo EMG measurements. Muscle force predictions during normal gait have shown the capability of the model to determine the presence of synergistic and antagonistic muscle action.
已开发出一种膝关节的三维随机数学肌肉模型，并将其应用于一项研究中，该研究考察了机械因素和生理因素对预测关节周围肌肉力量的影响。该模型包括胫骨近端和股骨远端的表示，以及髌骨关节机制和13条跨越膝关节的肌肉的数学表达式。该模型考虑了胫股关节的滚动和滑动运动。计算技术涉及使膝关节处的外部力矩的三个分量与肌肉力量和软组织产生的内部力矩平衡。力矩平衡方程中包含的变量是根据胫股接触点的选择随机选取的。变量的随机性反映在最终解中，在本模型的背景下定义了一个随机过程。对该模型的研究表明，该模型一个非常重要的机械方面是能够模拟胫骨和股骨之间的移动接触点。移动接触点使股四头肌的机械优势增加了50%，这与体内肌电图测量结果相符。正常步态期间的肌肉力量预测表明，该模型有能力确定协同和拮抗肌肉作用的存在。
