Kim You-Young, Joh Joon Sung, Lee Ji Yeon
Asthma Allergy Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Asia Pac Allergy. 2020 Jul 8;10(3):e25. doi: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e25. eCollection 2020 Jul.
There are rising evidences of the human microbiome as a potentially influential player that is actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes and other unresolved issues both in asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. The biological components such as microbiome in inhaled air can induce immune dysfunction and inflammation, leading to inflammatory pulmonary disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) with biologically active information or functions can reprogram their respective target cells and EV may have a role for the development of asthma and COPD. To evaluate the role of microbe-derived EV in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD and its role in diagnosis, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement method was used for the study. An electronic search was performed using PubMed, PubMed Central, and Embase up to 2020. EVs serve as an intercellular transporter of miRNAs for cell-to-cell communication in the lungs. Bacteria-derived EVs have distinctive characteristics in the lungs of patients with asthma and COPD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, bacterial EV IgG antibody titers in serum were significantly higher in patients with asthma and COPD than in healthy controls, suggesting that antibacterial EV antibodies titers can be used as a diagnostic tool for lung disease. Taken together, microbial EVs and miRNAs have important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD and they can provide novel diagnostic biomarkers for asthma and COPD.
越来越多的证据表明，人类微生物群是一个潜在的有影响力的因素，积极参与塑造哮喘和其他慢性呼吸道疾病（尤其是气道疾病）的发病过程及其他未解决的问题。吸入空气中的微生物群等生物成分可诱发免疫功能障碍和炎症，导致哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等炎症性肺部疾病。具有生物活性信息或功能的微生物衍生细胞外囊泡（EVs）可以对其各自的靶细胞进行重新编程，并且EVs可能在哮喘和COPD的发展中起作用。为了评估微生物衍生的EVs在哮喘和COPD发病机制中的作用及其在诊断中的作用，本研究采用了PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）声明方法。使用PubMed、PubMed Central和Embase进行了截至2020年的电子检索。EVs作为肺中细胞间通讯的miRNA的细胞间转运体。与健康对照相比，哮喘和COPD患者肺中的细菌衍生EVs具有独特的特征。此外，哮喘和COPD患者血清中的细菌EV IgG抗体滴度显著高于健康对照，这表明抗菌EV抗体滴度可作为肺部疾病的诊断工具。综上所述，微生物EVs和miRNAs在哮喘和COPD的发病机制中具有重要作用，它们可以为哮喘和COPD提供新的诊断生物标志物。
