Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Dec 11;30(6):1102-1108. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa121.
Economic downturns have been associated with increased suicide rates. The 2008 global financial crisis varied across countries but hit Iceland relatively hard. We aimed to study potential changes in suicide rates in Iceland during this major economic transition.
Data were retrieved on all suicides in Iceland during 2002-14. The study period was divided into a pre-collapse period (2002-08) and a post-collapse period (2008-14). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between pre-to-post economic collapse and suicide rates, expressed as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were stratified by age and sex.
A total of 470 suicides were recorded during the study period. The mean age at death was 45 years and 75% were males. The overall suicide rates per 100 000 were 13.3 pre-collapse and 15 post-collapse revealing no overall differences in pre-to-post collapse (RR 1.12; CI 0.94-1.35). This was true for both men and women (RR 1.18; CI 0.96-1.46 and RR 0.96; CI 0.67-1.38, respectively). An increase in the unemployment rate was not associated with the overall suicide rate (RR 1.07; CI 0.86-1.33), and neither were changes in gross domestic product (RR 1.29; CI 0.94-1.79) or balance of trade (RR 1.08; CI 0.96-1.22).
The economic collapse and rising unemployment rates in Iceland did not result in an overall increase in suicide rates. A strong welfare system and investing in social protection during the economic crisis may have mitigated suicide risk.
经济衰退与自杀率的上升有关。2008 年的全球金融危机因国家而异，但对冰岛的打击相对较大。我们旨在研究在这一重大经济转型期间冰岛自杀率的潜在变化。
检索了 2002-14 年期间冰岛所有自杀事件的数据。研究期间分为经济崩溃前（2002-08 年）和经济崩溃后（2008-14 年）两个阶段。使用泊松回归模型来估计经济崩溃前后与自杀率之间的关联，以风险比（RR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）表示。分析按年龄和性别分层。
研究期间共记录了 470 例自杀。死亡时的平均年龄为 45 岁，75%为男性。崩溃前每 100000 人中有 13.3 人自杀，崩溃后每 100000 人中有 15 人自杀，崩溃前后总体自杀率没有差异（RR 1.12；95%CI 0.94-1.35）。这对男性和女性都是如此（RR 1.18；95%CI 0.96-1.46 和 RR 0.96；95%CI 0.67-1.38）。失业率的增加与总体自杀率无关（RR 1.07；95%CI 0.86-1.33），国内生产总值（RR 1.29；95%CI 0.94-1.79）或贸易收支（RR 1.08；95%CI 0.96-1.22）的变化也无关。
冰岛经济崩溃和失业率上升并未导致自杀率总体上升。在经济危机期间建立强大的福利体系和投资社会保护措施可能减轻了自杀风险。
