27 年间 175 个国家的宏观经济因素对自杀的影响。
The impact of macroeconomic factors on suicide in 175 countries over 27 years.
机构信息
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
出版信息
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022 Feb;52(1):49-58. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12773. Epub 2021 May 25.
BACKGROUND
Every year, more than 800,000 people die by suicide, three-quarters of which are males. Economic factors influence suicide rates, but a worldwide perspective of their impact according to age and sex is lacking.
METHOD
We queried publicly available datasets on economic factors and on suicide rates stratified according to sex and age, from 1991 to 2017, for 175 countries. Thus, we analyzed approximately 21 million deaths by suicide using a multivariable regression model approach.
RESULTS
Every 1% increase in global unemployment rates is associated with a 1% upsurge in male deaths by suicide (Relative risk (RR) = 1.01 [CI 95% 1.00-1.01] with respect to females) or 5000 excess male deaths. A 1% higher unemployment rate also exerts age-specific effects on suicide rates, since, among adults aged 30-59, the suicide rate is increased by 2-3%. Lastly, for every 1000 US dollar increase in the GDP per capita, suicide rates are reduced by 2% (RR = 0.98 [0.98-0.98]), corresponding to a reduction of 14,000-15,000 suicide deaths per year globally.
CONCLUSIONS
Males who have lost their jobs in adulthood are those at higher risk of suicide and to whom financial support measures should be delivered in a timely manner.
背景
每年有超过 80 万人自杀身亡，其中四分之三为男性。经济因素会影响自杀率，但全球范围内缺乏根据年龄和性别划分的这些因素对自杀率影响的视角。
方法
我们查询了公开的经济因素和 1991 年至 2017 年按性别和年龄分层的自杀率数据集，涉及 175 个国家。因此，我们使用多变量回归模型方法分析了大约 2100 万例自杀死亡。
结果
全球失业率每增加 1%，男性自杀死亡人数就会增加 1%（相对于女性，相对风险 (RR)为 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.01]），或增加 5000 例男性自杀死亡。较高的失业率还会对特定年龄组的自杀率产生影响，因为在 30-59 岁的成年人中，自杀率增加了 2-3%。最后，人均 GDP 每增加 1000 美元，自杀率就会降低 2%（RR 为 0.98 [0.98-0.98]），相当于每年全球减少 14000-15000 例自杀死亡。
结论
成年后失业的男性自杀风险更高，应及时向他们提供经济支持措施。
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