肠道微生物群与不健康的衰老：厘清因果关系。

The Gut Microbiota and Unhealthy Aging: Disentangling Cause from Consequence.

机构信息

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.

Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.

出版信息

Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Aug 12;28(2):180-189. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.013.

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.013

PMID:32791111

Abstract

The gut microbiota changes with age, but it is not clear to what degree these changes are due to physiologic changes, age-associated inflammation or immunosenescence, diet, medications, or chronic health conditions. Observational studies in humans find that there are profound differences between the microbiomes of long-lived and frail individuals, but the degree to which these differences promote or prevent late-life health is unclear. Studies in model organisms demonstrate that age-related microbial dysbiosis causes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and premature mortality, but identifying causal relationships have been challenging. Herein, we review how physiological and immune changes contribute to microbial dysbiosis and the degree to which microbial dysbiosis contributes to late-life health conditions. We discuss the features of the aging microbiota that make it more amenable to diet and pre- and probiotic interventions. Health interventions that promote a diverse microbiome could influence the health of older adults.

摘要

肠道微生物群随着年龄的变化而变化，但这些变化在多大程度上是由于生理变化、与年龄相关的炎症或免疫衰老、饮食、药物或慢性健康状况引起的，尚不清楚。人类的观察性研究发现，长寿和体弱个体的微生物组之间存在显著差异，但这些差异在多大程度上促进或预防晚年健康尚不清楚。在模式生物中的研究表明，与年龄相关的微生物失调会导致肠道通透性、全身炎症和过早死亡，但确定因果关系一直具有挑战性。本文综述了生理和免疫变化如何导致微生物失调，以及微生物失调在多大程度上导致晚年健康状况。我们讨论了使衰老微生物组更容易受到饮食和预、益生菌干预的特征。促进多样化微生物组的健康干预措施可能会影响老年人的健康。