Dong Yucan, Li Fengting, Wang Ying
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
Front Chem. 2020 Jul 24;8:551. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00551. eCollection 2020.
Antibiotics, a kind of secondary metabolite with antipathogen effects as well as other properties, are produced by microorganisms (including bacterium, fungi, and actinomyces) or higher animals and plants during their lives. Furthermore, as a chemical, an antibiotic can disturb the developmental functions of other living cells. Moreover, it is impossible to avoid its pervasion into all kinds of environmental media via all kinds of methods, and it thus correspondingly becomes a trigger for environmental risks. As described above, antibiotics are presently deemed as a new type of pollution, with their content in media (for example, water, or food) as the focus. Due to their special qualities, nanomaterials, the most promising sensing material, can be adopted to produce sensors with extraordinary detection performance and good stability that can be applied to detection in complicated materials. For low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials, the quantum size effect, and dielectric confinement effect are particularly strong. Therefore, they are most commonly applied in the detection of antibiotics. This article focuses on the influence of LD nanomaterials on antibiotics detection, summarizes the application of LD nanomaterials in antibiotics detection and the theorem of sensors in all kinds of antibiotics detection, illustrates the approaches to optimizing the sensitivity of sensors, such as mixture and modification, and also discusses the trend of the application of LD nanomaterials in antibiotics detection.
抗生素是微生物（包括细菌、真菌和放线菌）或高等动植物在生命过程中产生的一类具有抗病原体作用及其他特性的次生代谢产物。此外，作为一种化学物质，抗生素会干扰其他活细胞的发育功能。而且，它不可避免地会通过各种途径渗透到各种环境介质中，从而相应地成为环境风险的引发因素。如上所述，抗生素目前被视为一种新型污染物，其在介质（如水或食物）中的含量成为关注焦点。由于其特殊性质，最具潜力的传感材料——纳米材料，可被用于制造具有卓越检测性能和良好稳定性的传感器，适用于复杂材料中的检测。对于低维（LD）纳米材料而言，量子尺寸效应和介电限域效应尤为显著。因此，它们最常用于抗生素检测。本文重点探讨低维纳米材料对抗生素检测的影响，总结低维纳米材料在抗生素检测中的应用以及各类抗生素检测中传感器的原理，阐述如混合和改性等优化传感器灵敏度的方法，还讨论了低维纳米材料在抗生素检测中的应用趋势。
