Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Mar;10(2):222-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.
A total of 20 male college students (aged 18-24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.
Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017).
Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.
腘绳肌损伤是涉及短跑运动中最常见的损伤之一。腘绳肌柔韧性和力量通常被认为是腘绳肌损伤的可改变的风险因素。了解腘绳肌柔韧性或力量训练对短跑时腘绳肌肌肉生物力学的影响，可能有助于改善与这些损伤相关的预防策略和康复。本研究的目的是确定改变腘绳肌柔韧性或力量对短跑时峰值腘绳肌肌肌腱应变的影响。
共有 20 名 18-24 岁的男性大学生参与了本研究，他们被随机分配到柔韧性干预组或力量干预组。每个参与者每周进行 3 次运动训练，共进行 8 周。在 2 次干预前后进行柔韧性、短跑和等速力量测试。采用配对 t 检验确定柔韧性或力量干预对短跑时最佳腘绳肌肌肌腱长度和峰值腘绳肌肌肌腱应变的影响。
柔韧性干预组的参与者显著增加了半膜肌和长头股二头肌的最佳肌肌腱长度（p≤0.026），并降低了所有 3 个双关节腘绳肌的峰值肌肌腱应变（p≤0.004）。力量干预组的参与者显著增加了所有 3 个腘绳肌的最佳肌肌腱长度（p≤0.041），并显著降低了他们在短跑时的峰值肌肌腱应变（p≤0.017）。
通过运动训练增加腘绳肌柔韧性或力量可能有助于降低业余男性运动员短跑时腘绳肌损伤的风险。
