Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 11;17(16):5806. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165806.
Internet and smartphone addiction have become important social issues. Various studies have demonstrated their association with clinical and psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, aggression, anger expression, and behavioral inhibition, and behavioral activation systems. However, these two addictions are also highly correlated with each other, so the consideration of the relationship between internet and smartphone addiction can enhance the analysis. In this study, we considered the copula regression model to regress the bivariate addictions on clinical and psychological factors. Real data analysis with 555 students (age range: 14-15 years; males, = 295; females, = 265) from South Korean public middle schools is illustrated. By fitting the copula regression model, we investigated the dependency between internet and smartphone addiction and determined the risk factors associated with the two addictions. Furthermore, by comparing the model fits of the copula model with linear regression and generalized linear models, the best copula model was proposed in terms of goodness of fit. Our findings revealed that internet and smartphone addiction are not separate problems, and that associations between them should be considered. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, the behavioral inhibition system, and aggression were also significantly associated with both addictions, while ADHD symptoms were related to internet addiction only. We emphasize the need to establish policies on the prevention, management, and education of addiction.
网络和智能手机成瘾已经成为重要的社会问题。各种研究表明，它们与临床和心理因素有关，包括抑郁、焦虑、攻击性、愤怒表达和行为抑制与激活系统。然而，这两种成瘾也高度相关，因此考虑网络和智能手机成瘾之间的关系可以增强分析。在这项研究中，我们考虑了 Copula 回归模型，将双变量成瘾回归到临床和心理因素上。对来自韩国公立中学的 555 名学生（年龄范围：14-15 岁；男生 = 295；女生 = 265）的真实数据进行了分析。通过拟合 Copula 回归模型，我们调查了网络和智能手机成瘾之间的依赖性，并确定了与这两种成瘾相关的风险因素。此外，通过比较 Copula 模型与线性回归和广义线性模型的模型拟合，我们根据拟合优度提出了最佳的 Copula 模型。我们的研究结果表明，网络和智能手机成瘾不是孤立的问题，应该考虑它们之间的关联。焦虑、行为抑制系统和攻击性等心理因素也与这两种成瘾显著相关，而 ADHD 症状仅与网络成瘾有关。我们强调需要制定预防、管理和教育成瘾的政策。
