Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ocul Surf. 2020 Oct;18(4):808-813. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.08.005. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease in a population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealand men and women.
This cross-sectional study of 885 participants (442 females, 443 males) was based on a population-representative birth cohort of individuals born between April 1 1972 and March 31 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand (the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental Study). Participants were assessed at 45 years of age, and dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session. The diagnosis of dry eye disease was made according to the validated rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm.
Clinical dry eye signs were present in 402 (45%) participants, of which 78 (9%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, and 322 (37%) had asymptomatic ocular surface disease. Among participants with dry eye disease, 22 (2%) exhibited aqueous tear deficiency, and 65 (7%) had meibomian gland dysfunction. Females were more likely to be affected by dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease (all p < 0.05).
Clinical dry eye signs were present in almost half of this population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealanders, although only 9% of participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease. The high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular surface disease presents an opportunity for preventative public health intervention.
评估新西兰 45 岁人群中干眼症、水样液缺乏、睑板腺功能障碍和无症状眼表疾病的流行情况。
本研究为基于人群的横断面研究，纳入了 885 名参与者（442 名女性，443 名男性），他们来自新西兰达尼丁出生队列（Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental Study），于 1972 年 4 月 1 日至 1973 年 3 月 31 日期间出生，具有代表性。参与者在 45 岁时接受评估，在单次临床就诊中对每位参与者进行干眼症状、眼表特征和泪膜质量评估。根据经过验证的快速非侵入性干眼评估算法诊断干眼症。
402 名（45%）参与者出现临床干眼体征，其中 78 名（9%）参与者符合干眼症的诊断标准，322 名（37%）参与者患有无症状眼表疾病。在干眼症患者中，22 名（2%）患者表现为水样液缺乏，65 名（7%）患者患有睑板腺功能障碍。女性更易患干眼症、睑板腺功能障碍和无症状眼表疾病（均 p < 0.05）。
在这个基于人群的新西兰 45 岁人群队列中，近一半的人出现了临床干眼体征，尽管只有 9%的参与者符合干眼症的诊断标准。无症状眼表疾病的高患病率为预防性公共卫生干预提供了机会。
