Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ocul Surf. 2021 Jul;21:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.001. Epub 2021 May 15.
To evaluate demographic and lifestyle factors associated with aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye disease.
A total of 1125 general public visitors (707 females, mean ± SD age, 33 ± 21, range 5-90 years) at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition were recruited in a cross-sectional study. A demographic and lifestyle factor questionnaire was administered, and dry eye symptomology (DEQ-5 score), ocular surface characteristics (conjunctival hyperaemia, and infrared meibography), and tear film parameters (tear meniscus height, non-invasive breakup time, and lipid layer grade) were evaluated for the left eye of each participant within a single session. The diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease subtypes were adapted from the rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm.
Overall, 428 (38%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, 161 (14%) with aqueous deficient dry eye disease, and 339 (30%) with evaporative dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that advancing age, female sex, reduced sleep duration, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status were independently associated with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (all p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for evaporative dry eye disease included advancing age, East and South Asian ethnicity, contact lens wear, increased digital device screen exposure, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status (all p < 0.05).
Both subtypes of dry eye disease were associated with several unique and shared demographic and lifestyle factors. The findings of this study could inform future research design investigating the utility of targeted screening and risk factor modification for the prevention and management of dry eye disease.
评估与水性缺乏性和蒸发过强性干眼症相关的人口统计学和生活方式因素。
在一项横断面研究中，共招募了 1125 名在皇家学会夏季科学展览会上的普通公众参观者（707 名女性，平均年龄 ± 标准差为 33 ± 21 岁，年龄范围为 5-90 岁）。对每位参与者的左眼进行了人口统计学和生活方式因素问卷调查，以及干眼症状（DEQ-5 评分）、眼表面特征（结膜充血和红外睑板腺照相术）和泪膜参数（泪膜弯月高、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间和脂质层等级）评估。干眼症亚型的诊断标准改编自快速非侵入性干眼评估算法。
总体而言，428 名（38%）参与者符合干眼症的诊断标准，161 名（14%）为水性缺乏性干眼症，339 名（30%）为蒸发过强性干眼症。多变量逻辑回归表明，年龄增长、女性、睡眠时间减少、心理压力增加和自我感知健康状况较差与水性缺乏性干眼症独立相关（均 p<0.05）。蒸发过强性干眼症的显著危险因素包括年龄增长、东亚和南亚种族、隐形眼镜佩戴、增加数字设备屏幕暴露、心理压力增加和自我感知健康状况较差（均 p<0.05）。
两种干眼症亚型都与一些独特和共同的人口统计学和生活方式因素有关。本研究的结果可以为未来研究设计提供信息，以调查针对干眼症的有针对性的筛查和危险因素改变的效用，以预防和管理干眼症。
