Russo Antonio, Minichini Carmine, Starace Mario, Astorri Roberta, Calò Federica, Coppola Nicola
Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
Infect Drug Resist. 2020 Aug 3;13:2657-2665. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S264020. eCollection 2020.
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the related disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly to pandemic proportions, increasing the demands on healthcare systems for the containment and management of COVID-19. One of the critical issues to be addressed is the improvement in laboratory diagnosis and screening of large portions of the population to stop the virus spreading. Currently, the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related disease is based on the research of viral RNA with rt-PCR methods in upper and lower respiratory airways. Serological tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could help physicians and healthcare workers to support COVID-19 diagnosis and follow-up and perform population screening. Our review, using MEDLINE and EMBASE, summarizes the current knowledge of direct and serological tests performed to research RNA, antigens, or antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, evaluating the advantages and drawbacks for specific tests.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的爆发以及相关疾病（COVID-19）已迅速蔓延至大流行程度，这增加了医疗系统对COVID-19进行遏制和管理的需求。需要解决的关键问题之一是改进实验室诊断以及对大部分人群进行筛查，以阻止病毒传播。目前，SARS-CoV-2感染及相关疾病的实验室诊断是基于在上下呼吸道中使用逆转录聚合酶链反应（rt-PCR）方法对病毒RNA进行检测。检测SARS-CoV-2抗体的血清学检测有助于医生和医护人员辅助COVID-19的诊断和随访，并进行人群筛查。我们使用医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）和荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）进行的综述总结了目前为检测SARS-CoV-2的RNA、抗原或抗体而进行的直接检测和血清学检测的相关知识，评估了特定检测方法的优缺点。
