Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Clin Chim Acta. 2023 Jan 1;538:139-156. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.017. Epub 2022 Nov 18.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has claimed around 6.4 million lives worldwide. The disease symptoms range from mild flu-like infection to life-threatening complications. The widespread infection demands rapid, simple, and accurate diagnosis. Currently used methods include molecular biology-based approaches that consist of conventional amplification by RT-PCR, isothermal amplification-based techniques such as RT-LAMP, and gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas. Other methods include immunological detection including ELISA, lateral flow immunoassay, chemiluminescence, etc. Radiological-based approaches are also being used. Despite good analytical performance of these current methods, there is an unmet need for less costly and simpler tests that may be performed at point of care. Accordingly, nanomaterial-based testing has been extensively pursued. In this review, we discuss the currently used diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2, their usefulness, and limitations. In addition, nanoparticle-based approaches have been highlighted as another potential means of detection. The review provides a deep insight into the current diagnostic methods and future trends to combat this deadly menace.
SARS-CoV-2 大流行已在全球范围内造成约 640 万人死亡。该病的症状从轻微的流感样感染到危及生命的并发症不等。广泛的感染需要快速、简单和准确的诊断。目前使用的方法包括基于分子生物学的方法，这些方法包括常规的 RT-PCR 扩增、基于等温扩增的技术，如 RT-LAMP，以及基因编辑工具，如 CRISPR-Cas。其他方法包括免疫学检测，包括 ELISA、侧向流动免疫分析、化学发光等。放射学方法也在使用中。尽管这些当前方法具有良好的分析性能，但仍需要更经济、更简单的测试方法，这些方法可能可以在护理点进行。因此，基于纳米材料的测试已得到广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前用于 SARS-CoV-2 的诊断技术，以及它们的用途和局限性。此外，还强调了基于纳米颗粒的方法是另一种潜在的检测手段。该综述深入了解了当前的诊断方法和未来应对这一致命威胁的趋势。
