Department of Economics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Dec;27(36):45911-45924. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10276-3. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
CO emissions tend to increase more rapidly in underdeveloped economies as compared to developed countries mainly in China, India, and Asia. One of the aspects that accounts for the increasing CO emissions is urbanization (UR) and it is increasing all over the world particularly in Asian and African regions. The present study examines the impact of energy use and UR on carbon emissions over the period 1995 to 2018 while using the extended STIRPAT model for Asian countries. Panel co-integration techniques and Granger causality test are applied on selected variables. FMOLS and DOLS methods are also applied to check for robustness. Findings confirm the presence of long-run co-integration among variables. The outcomes propose that energy consumption and UR have positive impact on CO emissions and output. Outcomes also reveal that financial development (FD) has negative effect on emissions of CO but positive effect on economic growth. Results of Granger causality technique indicate that long-run causality association exists among emissions of CO, economic growth, and UR. In the short run (SR), bidirectional causal relationship has been found between trade openness and FD.
CO 排放往往在欠发达国家比发达国家增长得更快，主要是在中国、印度和亚洲。导致 CO 排放增加的一个方面是城市化（UR），它正在全世界范围内增加，特别是在亚洲和非洲地区。本研究使用扩展的 STIRPAT 模型，考察了 1995 年至 2018 年期间能源使用和城市化对碳排放的影响。面板协整技术和格兰杰因果检验应用于选定变量。还应用了 FMOLS 和 DOLS 方法来检查稳健性。研究结果证实了变量之间存在长期协整关系。研究结果表明，能源消耗和城市化对 CO 排放和经济增长有积极影响。结果还表明，金融发展（FD）对 CO 排放有负面影响，但对经济增长有积极影响。格兰杰因果关系技术的结果表明，CO 排放、经济增长和城市化之间存在长期因果关系。在短期内（SR），贸易开放度和 FD 之间存在双向因果关系。
