College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 6150 Perth, Australia.
College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 6150 Perth, Australia.
Res Vet Sci. 2020 Oct;132:500-512. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.002. Epub 2020 Aug 8.
Cryptosporidiosis, caused by parasite species of the genus Cryptosporidium, is a major diarrhoeal disease in both people and animals globally, with C. hominis and C. parvum the main species infecting humans. Environmentally robust oocysts which are shed in high numbers in the faeces of infected individuals are resistant to disinfectants, including levels of chlorine normally used in drinking water. As a result, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of waterborne and foodborne outbreaks. Interestingly, C. hominis is responsible for the majority of waterborne outbreaks typed to date with C. parvum responsible for the majority of foodborne outbreaks. No vaccine and few treatments are currently available, which has greatly limited control of this disease to date. Livestock are both an important reservoir and source of human infections and improved husbandry and management practices as well as a One Health integrated molecular typing approach across both veterinary and public health systems are essential to improve our ability to control this disease.
隐孢子虫病是由隐孢子虫属的寄生虫引起的，是一种全球性的人兽共患腹泻病，其中人隐孢子虫和微小隐孢子虫是主要感染人类的物种。环境中存在大量的卵囊，这些卵囊在感染个体的粪便中大量排出，对消毒剂具有抵抗力，包括饮用水中通常使用的氯浓度。因此，隐孢子虫是水传播和食源性疾病暴发的主要原因。有趣的是，到目前为止，大多数水传播暴发都与隐孢子虫有关，而大多数食源性暴发都与微小隐孢子虫有关。目前尚无疫苗和几种治疗方法，这极大地限制了对这种疾病的控制。牲畜既是重要的储存宿主，也是人类感染的来源，因此改善畜牧业管理实践以及兽医和公共卫生系统之间的综合分子分型方法对于提高我们控制这种疾病的能力至关重要。
