Strontium incorporation into biomimetic carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite coated carbon cloth: Biocompatibility with human primary osteoblasts.

It has already been shown that sono-electrodeposition can be used to coat activated carbon fiber cloth (ACC) with calcium phosphates (CaP) and we recently demonstrated that cathodic polarization at -1 V/Hg/HgSO was the best parameter to obtain a carbonated calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDA) coating with optimal uniformity and homogeneity. In the present study, we investigated whether this technique was suitable to dope this carbonated CDA coating by partial substitution with another bivalent cation such as strontium. We show here that a strontium-substituted carbonated CDA coating can be produced and quantitatively controlled up to at least 10 at.%. In this range we demonstrate that the presence of strontium does not modify either the textural or the structural properties of the carbonated CDA. Owing to the well-known effect of both carbonated CDA and strontium in bone formation, the biocompatibility of ACC coated or not with carbonated CDA or with strontium substituted carbonated CDA was tested using primary human osteoblasts. Our data revealed a positive and dose-dependent effect of strontium addition on osteoblast activity and proliferation. In conclusion, we show here that electrodeposition at -1 V is a suitable and easy process to incorporate cations of biological interest into CaP coating.