College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):114953. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114953. Epub 2020 Jun 7.
This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface water (lakes, major rivers and tributaries) and potential discharge sources (fish ponds, livestock and poultry farms, and sewage treatment plants) in Wujin District (northwest of Taihu Lake), Jiangsu province, China. An analytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for 38 pesticides, which was applied in the monitoring of 240 surface water samples and 76 potential discharge source samples. Eleven insecticides and five fungicides with temporal and spatial variation were detected in surface water. The total pesticide concentrations in surface water in different seasons were as follows: March > August > June > November. The two most polluting and widespread pesticides were carbendazim (maximum concentration 508 ng L, detection rate 100%) and imidacloprid (maximum concentration 438 ng L, detection rate 88%). Gehu Lake (S46) and Sanshangang River (S12) were seriously polluted water bodies. Seven insecticides and four fungicides were detected in the potential discharge sources; and their composition changed significantly with the seasons. The concentrations of detected organophosphorus pesticides and neonicotinoids (e.g. acetamiprid in March and dichlorvos in November) in a few non-agricultural planting sources were far greater than those detected in surface water, and hence a few fish ponds, livestock and poultry farms, and sewage treatment plants might be the potential discharge sources of pesticides in the surrounding surface water. The estimated input flux of the studied pesticides from upstream rivers to Taihu Lake was 141.95 kg a. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the medium or high aquatic ecotoxicological risk presented by the levels of organophosphorus pesticides, carbamates, and benzimidazoles.
本研究调查了中国江苏省武进区（太湖西北部）地表水（湖泊、主要河流和支流）和潜在排放源（鱼塘、畜禽养殖场和污水处理厂）中农药的发生和分布情况。建立了一种分析液相色谱-串联质谱法，用于检测 38 种农药，该方法应用于 240 个地表水样本和 76 个潜在排放源样本的监测。在地表水中检测到了 11 种杀虫剂和 5 种杀菌剂，具有时空变化。不同季节地表水的总农药浓度如下：3 月>8 月>6 月>11 月。两种污染最严重、分布最广的农药是多菌灵（最高浓度 508ng/L，检出率 100%）和吡虫啉（最高浓度 438ng/L，检出率 88%）。Gehu 湖（S46）和 Sanshangang 河（S12）是受污染严重的水体。在潜在排放源中检测到 7 种杀虫剂和 4 种杀菌剂；它们的组成随季节变化显著。在少数非农业种植源中，检测到的有机磷农药和新烟碱类（如 3 月的乙酰甲胺磷和 11 月的敌敌畏）的浓度远远高于地表水，因此少数鱼塘、畜禽养殖场和污水处理厂可能是周围地表水的农药潜在排放源。上游河流输入太湖的研究农药通量估计为 141.95kg/a。此外，应更加关注有机磷农药、氨基甲酸酯类和苯并咪唑类农药水平所带来的中高水生生态毒性风险。
