Kubinski Mareike, Beicht Jana, Gerlach Thomas, Volz Asisa, Sutter Gerd, Rimmelzwaan Guus F
Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Aug 12;8(3):451. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030451.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family , is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed.
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）是 科的成员之一，是欧洲和亚洲最重要的蜱传病毒之一。作为一种嗜神经性病毒，TBEV 会引起中枢神经系统感染，导致各种（永久性）神经紊乱，统称为蜱传脑炎（TBE）。由于 TBEV 及其传播媒介的扩散，TBE 病例的发病率有所上升。由于缺乏抗病毒治疗方法，接种 TBEV 疫苗是最重要的预防措施。然而，疫苗接种覆盖率相对较低，且目前可用疫苗的免疫原性有限，这可能是观察到疫苗接种失败的原因。了解 TBEV 特异性的保护相关因素对于开发新型和改进型 TBEV 疫苗至关重要。为了提供针对感染和 TBE 发展的强大保护，疫苗应诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫。在这篇综述中，将讨论 TBEV 感染和接种疫苗后诱导的适应性免疫以及生产改进型 TBEV 疫苗的新方法。
