Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Aug 18;54(16):10141-10148. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00921. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
Health concerns and related regulation of bisphenol A (BPA) in some countries have led to an increase in the production and use of unregulated and poorly understood BPA analogues, including bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). To assess the temporal trends of human exposure to BPA analogues, urine and wastewater samples were collected from South East Queensland, Australia between 2012 and 2017 and analyzed for five bisphenols using validated isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. BPA and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in both urine and wastewater samples, with median concentrations of 2.5 and 0.64 μg/L in urine and 0.94 and 1.1 μg/L in wastewater, respectively. BPB, BPF, and BPAF had low detection frequencies in both urine and wastewater samples. Concentrations of BPA in both urine and wastewater decreased over the sampling period, whereas concentrations of BPS increased, suggesting that BPS has become a BPA replacement. The contributions of urinary excretion to wastewater were calculated by the ratio of daily per capita urinary excretion to wastewater-based mass loads of bisphenols. Urinary BPA and BPS contributed to less than 1% of the load found in wastewater, indicating that much of the BPA and BPS originates from other sources.
在一些国家，对双酚 A（BPA）的健康问题和相关法规的关注，导致了不受监管和了解甚少的 BPA 类似物（包括双酚 S（BPS）、双酚 F（BPF）、双酚 B（BPB）和双酚 AF（BPAF））的产量和使用增加。为了评估人类接触 BPA 类似物的时间趋势，于 2012 年至 2017 年在澳大利亚东南昆士兰州收集了尿液和废水样本，并使用经过验证的同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱法分析了五种双酚。在尿液和废水样本中均检测到 BPA 和 BPS 这两种主要的双酚，尿液和废水中的中位数浓度分别为 2.5 和 0.64μg/L 以及 0.94 和 1.1μg/L。BPB、BPF 和 BPAF 在尿液和废水样本中的检出频率均较低。尿液和废水中的 BPA 浓度在采样期间均呈下降趋势，而 BPS 浓度呈上升趋势，表明 BPS 已成为 BPA 的替代品。通过每日人均尿液排泄量与基于废水的双酚质量负荷的比值，计算了尿液排泄对废水的贡献。尿液中的 BPA 和 BPS 对废水中检出负荷的贡献不足 1%，表明大部分 BPA 和 BPS 来自其他来源。
