Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg (Campus Giessen), Giessen, Germany.
Office of Public Health/Dental Service, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany.
Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Apr;25(4):2093-2100. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03519-7. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess and compare the prevalence of MIH among 6-12-year-old school children living either in a rural area of Central Hesse (Germany) or in the city of Frankfurt on the Main (Germany). A possible association between hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) and MIH was investigated. Furthermore, the MIH prevalence data of the rural area were compared with those of a previous study conducted in this area in the school year 2002/2003.
In the school year 2014/2015, 2103 children (6-12 years of age) were examined during the annual school-based dental examinations prescribed by law at nine schools in the rural area of Central Hesse (LDK) and five schools in the city of Frankfurt on the Main (Ffm). Eight previously calibrated dentists working for the public healthcare authorities assessed the prevalence of HSPM/MIH (EAPD criteria/severity scale by Wetzel and Reckel) and the caries experience (dmft/DMFT).
The prevalence of HSPM/MIH amounted 3.2%/9.4% in LDK and 2.9%/17.4% in Ffm. In the majority of cases, children with MIH had demarcated opacities. In LDK, hypomineralised first permanent molars were most commonly affected by severity degree 2, whereas in Ffm, severity degree 1 was predominant. Children suffering from HSPM had an odds ratio of 11.32 (95% CI: 6.73-19.03) for having MIH as well. Compared with the results of 2002/2003 in LDK (prevalence of MIH 5.9%), the MIH prevalence increased by 3.5% in the rural area. All in all, the caries experience among children under investigation was low (DMFT 0.14-0.15).
MIH may be diagnosed in school children living in different areas of Germany with regional variations (rural-urban comparison). The presence of HSPM is of predictive value for MIH. The increasing number of hypomineralised first permanent molars over 12 years of time in the rural area indicates a need for further investigation on the aetiology of MIH.
本横断面研究旨在评估和比较居住在德国黑森州中部农村地区或美因河畔法兰克福市的 6-12 岁学龄儿童中，低矿化磨牙（MIH）的患病率。研究调查了第二恒磨牙（HSPM）低矿化与 MIH 之间的可能关联。此外，还将农村地区的 MIH 患病率数据与该地区 2002/2003 学年进行的先前研究进行了比较。
在 2014/2015 学年，在黑森州中部农村地区（LDK）的 9 所学校和美因河畔法兰克福市（Ffm）的 5 所学校，根据法律规定的年度学校基础牙科检查，对 2103 名儿童（6-12 岁）进行了检查。8 名为公共卫生当局工作的经过校准的牙医根据 EAPD 标准/严重程度量表（Wetzel 和 Reckel）评估了 HSPM/MIH 的患病率（dmft/DMFT）和龋齿情况。
LDK 的 HSPM/MIH 患病率为 3.2%/9.4%，Ffm 为 2.9%/17.4%。在大多数情况下，患有 MIH 的儿童有明确的不透明性。在 LDK，低矿化第一恒磨牙最常见于严重程度 2 级，而在 Ffm，严重程度 1 级更为常见。患有 HSPM 的儿童患 MIH 的优势比为 11.32（95%CI：6.73-19.03）。与 LDK 2002/2003 年的结果（MIH 患病率为 5.9%）相比，农村地区的 MIH 患病率增加了 3.5%。总的来说，受调查儿童的龋齿患病率较低（DMFT 为 0.14-0.15）。
在德国不同地区的学龄儿童中（城乡比较），可能会诊断出 MIH，存在区域差异。HSPM 的存在对 MIH 有预测价值。在农村地区，12 年内低矿化第一恒磨牙的数量不断增加，表明需要进一步研究 MIH 的病因。
