lntracellular calcium ion is the key secondary messenger system of the cellular processes in airway smooth muscle cells(ASMc). The treatment and regulation of Ca in airway smooth muscle (ASM) is, in part, to associated with many airway diseases such as asthma, COPD and pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism of contraction and relaxation of ASM is a concerned aspect in airway diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries whice show the research progress of Ca on cell contraction and relaxation in ASM in recent years, to provide theoretical support and new targets for clinical prevention and treatment of perioperative bronchospasm and variousrespiratory related diseases.