Regno Alex, Parisi Attilio, Chiera Marco, Barsotti Nicola, Cerulli Claudia, Grazioli Elisa, Tamburri Alessandra, Bruscolotti Marco
Research Commission on Mind-Body Therapies, Italian Society of Psycho Neuro Endocrino Immunology, 00198 Rome, Italy.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;9(2):181. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9020181.
The present narrative review aims to highlight the possible effects manual therapies could have on cells and mitochondria, as these effects could improve athletic performance management. To this aim, this review summarizes the relationship between mechanical stimulation, with a special focus on physical activity, and cell response based on the most recent mechanobiology findings. Mechanobiology analyzes how cells respond to mechanical stressors coming from the environment. Indeed, endogenous (e.g., blood pressure, heartbeat and gastrointestinal motility) and exogenous (e.g., physical activity and manual therapies) stimuli can induce biochemical and epigenetic modifications that alter protein synthesis with heavy consequences on cell behavior. Mechanical stress can also influence mitochondrial behavior (i.e., biogenesis, autophagy, fusion, fission and energy production), sarcoplasmic response and calcium ion (Ca) flux. Since manual therapies have been shown to affect the extracellular matrix, which represents a primary source of mechanical stress that may alter both the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial metabolism, it is conceivable manual therapies could also affect cellular and mitochondrial behavior. Lastly, by suggesting possible directions for future laboratory and clinical studies, the authors expect this review to inspire further research on how manual therapies could affect bioenergetic metabolism and, thus, athletic performance.
本叙述性综述旨在强调手法治疗对细胞和线粒体可能产生的影响，因为这些影响可能改善运动表现管理。为此，本综述基于最新的机械生物学研究结果，总结了机械刺激（特别关注体育活动）与细胞反应之间的关系。机械生物学分析细胞如何对来自环境的机械应激源做出反应。事实上，内源性刺激（如血压、心跳和胃肠蠕动）和外源性刺激（如体育活动和手法治疗）可诱导生化和表观遗传修饰，从而改变蛋白质合成，对细胞行为产生重大影响。机械应激还可影响线粒体行为（即生物发生、自噬、融合、裂变和能量产生）、肌浆反应和钙离子（Ca）通量。由于手法治疗已被证明会影响细胞外基质，而细胞外基质是可能改变细胞骨架和线粒体代谢的机械应激的主要来源，因此可以想象手法治疗也可能影响细胞和线粒体行为。最后，通过提出未来实验室和临床研究的可能方向，作者期望本综述能激发关于手法治疗如何影响生物能量代谢以及进而影响运动表现的进一步研究。
