van den Brink W, Breeksema J J, Vermetten E, Schoevers R A
Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2020;62(8):650-658.
After psychedelics were banned in 1968, the flourishing research on the use of psychedelics in patients with a mental disorder stopped abruptly. Recently, we see a renaissance of this research.
AIM: To present an overview of what is known about the treatment of addiction and psychosis with psychedelics.
METHOD: Literature study based on Medline en PubMed publications till December 2019.
RESULTS: Studies on the effectiveness of psychedelics in the treatment of addiction and psychosis is still very limited in size and methodological quality. Nevertheless, most studies show positive effects of both classical and atypical psychedelics in a variety of addictions on motivation, craving, reduced consumption, and abstinence often following a single dose and with long-lasting benefits (3-24 months). Use of ketamine in patients with a psychosis stabilized on an antipsychotic might reduce negative symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Before psychedelics can be used in standard clinical practice for the treatment of patients with an addiction or a psychosis, larger and methodologically better studies are needed. The use of psychedelics also creates an opportunity to better understand the shared underlying pathology of many different mental disorders.
1968年迷幻剂被禁后，关于在精神障碍患者中使用迷幻剂的蓬勃研究突然停止。最近，我们看到这项研究再度兴起。
概述关于用迷幻剂治疗成瘾和精神病的已知情况。
基于截至2019年12月的Medline和PubMed出版物进行文献研究。
关于迷幻剂在治疗成瘾和精神病方面有效性的研究在规模和方法质量上仍然非常有限。然而，大多数研究表明，经典和非经典迷幻剂对多种成瘾在动机、渴望、减少使用量和戒断方面都有积极作用，通常单次给药后就有效果，且益处持久（3 - 24个月）。在使用抗精神病药物病情稳定的精神病患者中使用氯胺酮可能会减轻阴性症状。
在迷幻剂能够用于成瘾或精神病患者的标准临床治疗之前，需要开展规模更大、方法更完善的研究。迷幻剂的使用也为更好地理解许多不同精神障碍共同的潜在病理机制创造了机会。
