Bajari Atwar, Kuswarno Engkus
Faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2020 Aug 11;6(8):e04664. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04664. eCollection 2020 Aug.
Street children singer-beggars are differently treated psychologically and socially by many people on the street since they are considered to disturb the environment. They grow up with different perspectives from children of their age and social interactions unsuitable for their growth. Abusive language, repeated acts of violence, and antisocial attitudes have shaped their different personalities and characteristics in accordance with their age.
This study was conducted to observe the lives of street children singer-beggars through their understanding of adult communication and explain their verbal language and its meaning in their communication.
and Setting: The participants were 15 singer-beggars as informants who spent 8 h or more on the streets. They were selected through interview and observation in eight months based on the following characteristics as criteria:(1) having an age range between 12 and 17 years old, (2) having been in elementary school, (3) spending more than 8 h on the streets and having been taken to the streets on average three years, and (4) coming from very poor families. In addition to singing in the streets, they were working as porters and junk collectors and sellers. All of them smoke, enjoy alcoholic beverages, and inhale toxic materials (rubber cement glue). Researchers engaged in their daily lives intensively like playing music on the bus and in crowds.
The study employs social phenomenology approach seeking to explore and describe the life experiences of street children who make a living by singing and begging.
Result showed that all children (100%) reported that their communication pattern was conducted with four dominant groups, namely, parents, fellow singers, security officers, and street thugs. Furthermore, 80% of key informants said that communication occurred between setting and omission of verbal and nonverbal violence and physical violence. All key informants constructed 18 phrases related to violence or conflicts on the streets, seven phrases for calling people, 14 phrases related to deviant actions, and 24 phrases for begging or singing on the street.
Communication acts of street children singer-beggars happened dynamically, specifically, and purposively. They formed communication patterns by constructing a language that showed suffering, brutality, attack, seduction, survival effort, and unity of groups and languages. This experience needed to be considered in helping children return to their families and child protection homes and schools for their welfare. Results showed that protection of children from the streets by government protection agencies must be conducted based on street children's point of view that allows them to get out of the streets.
街头流浪儿童歌手乞丐因被认为扰乱环境而受到街上许多人的不同心理和社会对待。他们在成长过程中有着与同龄人不同的观念，社会交往也不利于他们的成长。辱骂性语言、反复的暴力行为和反社会态度根据他们的年龄塑造了他们不同的性格和特点。
本研究旨在通过街头流浪儿童歌手对成人交流的理解来观察他们的生活，并解释他们的言语及其在交流中的含义。
参与者为15名流浪儿童歌手作为信息提供者，他们每天在街上的时间达8小时或更长。他们是在八个月的时间里通过访谈和观察，依据以下特征作为标准挑选出来的：（1）年龄在12至17岁之间；（2）上过小学；（3）在街上时间超过8小时且平均被带到街上三年；（4）来自非常贫困的家庭。除了在街上唱歌，他们还从事搬运工、垃圾收集者和小贩的工作。他们都吸烟、饮酒并吸食有毒物质（橡胶水泥胶水）。研究人员深入他们的日常生活，比如在公交车上和人群中一起演奏音乐。
本研究采用社会现象学方法，旨在探索和描述以唱歌和乞讨为生的街头流浪儿童的生活经历。
结果显示，所有儿童（100%）报告称他们的交流模式主要与四个群体进行，即父母、同行歌手、保安人员和街头恶棍。此外，80%的关键信息提供者表示，交流发生在言语和非言语暴力及身体暴力的发生与省略之间。所有关键信息提供者构建了18个与街头暴力或冲突相关的短语、7个称呼人的短语、14个与越轨行为相关的短语以及24个在街上乞讨或唱歌的短语。
街头流浪儿童歌手乞丐的交流行为动态、具体且有目的。他们通过构建一种展现痛苦、残忍、攻击、诱惑、生存努力以及群体和语言统一性的语言来形成交流模式。在帮助儿童回到家庭、儿童保护之家和学校以保障其福利时，需要考虑到这种经历。结果表明，政府保护机构对街头儿童的保护必须基于街头儿童的视角，使他们能够脱离街头生活。
