Spanò Roberta, Ferrara Massimo, Gallitelli Donato, Mascia Tiziana
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA)-CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Aug 16;9(8):1042. doi: 10.3390/plants9081042.
Grafting is routinely implemented in modern agriculture to manage soilborne pathogens such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and viruses of solanaceous crops in a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. Some rootstock/scion combinations use specific genetic resistance mechanisms to impact also some foliar and airborne pathogens, including arthropod or contact-transmitted viruses. These approaches resulted in poor efficiency in the management of plant viruses with superior virulence such as the strains of tomato spotted wilt virus breaking the Sw5 resistance, strains of cucumber mosaic virus carrying necrogenic satellite RNAs, and necrogenic strains of potato virus Y. Three different studies from our lab documented that suitable levels of resistance/tolerance can be obtained by grafting commercial tomato varieties onto the tomato ecotype Manduria (Ma) rescued in the framework of an Apulian (southern Italy) regional program on biodiversity. Here we review the main approaches, methods, and results of the three case studies and propose some mechanisms leading to the tolerance/resistance observed in susceptible tomato varieties grafted onto Ma as well as in self-grafted plants. The proposed mechanisms include virus movement in plants, RNA interference, genes involved in graft wound response, resilience, and tolerance to virus infection.
在现代农业中，嫁接是一种常规操作，旨在以可持续且环境友好的方式管理土传病原体，如茄科作物的真菌、卵菌、细菌和病毒。一些砧木/接穗组合利用特定的遗传抗性机制来抵御一些叶部和空气传播的病原体，包括节肢动物传播或接触传播的病毒。然而，这些方法在管理具有超强毒力的植物病毒时效率低下，例如打破Sw5抗性的番茄斑萎病毒株系、携带坏死性卫星RNA的黄瓜花叶病毒株系以及马铃薯Y病毒的坏死性株系。我们实验室的三项不同研究表明，通过将商业番茄品种嫁接到在普利亚（意大利南部）区域生物多样性计划框架下拯救的番茄生态型曼杜里亚（Ma）上，可以获得适当水平的抗性/耐受性。在此，我们回顾这三个案例研究的主要方法、手段和结果，并提出一些机制，这些机制导致在嫁接到Ma上的易感番茄品种以及自嫁接植物中观察到耐受性/抗性。所提出的机制包括病毒在植物中的移动、RNA干扰、参与嫁接伤口反应的基因、恢复力以及对病毒感染的耐受性。
