Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 18;21(16):5943. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165943.
Albendazole (ABZ), a widely used anthelmintic drug, enters the environment mainly via livestock excrements. To evaluate the environmental impact of ABZ, the knowledge of its uptake, effects and metabolism in all non-target organisms, including plants, is essential. The present study was designed to identify the metabolic pathway of ABZ and to test potential ABZ phytotoxicity in fodder plant alfalfa, with seeds and in vitro regenerants used for these purposes. Alfalfa was chosen, as it may meet manure from ABZ-treated animals in pastures and fields. Alfalfa is often used as a feed of livestock, which might already be infected with helminths. The obtained results showed that ABZ did not inhibit alfalfa seed germination and germ growth, but evoked stress and a toxic effect in alfalfa regenerants. Alfalfa regenerants were able to uptake ABZ and transform it into 21 metabolites. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed three new ABZ metabolites that have not been described yet. The discovery of the parent compound ABZ together with the anthelmintically active and instable metabolites in alfalfa leaves shows that the contact of fodder plants with ABZ-containing manure might represent not only a danger for herbivorous invertebrates, but also may cause the development of ABZ resistance in helminths.
阿苯达唑（ABZ）是一种广泛使用的驱虫药物，主要通过家畜粪便进入环境。为了评估 ABZ 的环境影响，了解其在所有非靶标生物（包括植物）中的吸收、作用和代谢是必不可少的。本研究旨在确定 ABZ 的代谢途径，并测试饲料植物苜蓿中 ABZ 的潜在植物毒性，为此目的使用了种子和体外再生体。选择苜蓿是因为它可能会遇到来自牧场和田野中 ABZ 处理动物的粪便。苜蓿常被用作家畜的饲料，而家畜可能已经感染了寄生虫。研究结果表明，ABZ 不会抑制苜蓿种子的萌发和生长，但会对苜蓿再生体产生应激和毒性作用。苜蓿再生体能够摄取 ABZ 并将其转化为 21 种代谢物。UHPLC-MS/MS 分析揭示了三种尚未描述的 ABZ 新代谢物。在苜蓿叶片中发现了母体化合物 ABZ 以及驱虫活性和不稳定的代谢物，这表明含有 ABZ 的粪便与饲料植物的接触不仅对食草无脊椎动物构成威胁，而且可能导致寄生虫对 ABZ 产生耐药性。
