Polianciuc Svetlana Iuliana, Gurzău Anca Elena, Kiss Bela, Ştefan Maria Georgia, Loghin Felicia
Toxicology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Med Pharm Rep. 2020 Jul;93(3):231-240. doi: 10.15386/mpr-1742. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
Antibiotics represent one of the main discoveries of the last century that changed the treatment of a large array of infections in a significant way. However, increased consumption has led to an exposure of bacterial communities and ecosystems to a large amount of antibiotic residues. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the primary drivers associated with antibiotic occurrence in the environment. Furthermore, we attempted to summarize the behavior of antibiotic residues in the environment and the necessity of their detection and quantification. Also, we provide updated scientific and regulatory facts about environmental antibiotic discharge and environmental and human antibiotics risk assessment. We propose that environmental antibiotic contamination should be diminished beginning from regulating the causes of occurrence in the environment (such as antibiotic consumption) and ending with regulating antibiotic discharge and risk assessment. Some important intermediate steps are represented by the detection and quantification of the antibiotics and the characterization of their behavior in the environment, which could come to support future regulatory decisions.
抗生素是上个世纪的主要发现之一，它极大地改变了对大量感染的治疗方式。然而，抗生素消费的增加导致细菌群落和生态系统接触到大量抗生素残留。本文旨在简要概述与环境中抗生素存在相关的主要驱动因素。此外，我们试图总结抗生素残留在环境中的行为以及对其进行检测和定量的必要性。同时，我们提供了关于环境抗生素排放以及环境和人类抗生素风险评估的最新科学和监管事实。我们建议，应从控制环境中抗生素出现的原因（如抗生素消费）入手，到控制抗生素排放和风险评估，来减少环境抗生素污染。一些重要的中间步骤包括抗生素的检测和定量以及其在环境中行为的表征，这可以为未来的监管决策提供支持。
