Luan Jingfei, Zhao Tiannan
School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 6;30(15):3289. doi: 10.3390/molecules30153289.
In this study, a Z-scheme HoInSbO/AgPO (HAO) heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated for the first time by ultrasound-assisted solvothermal method. The structural features, compositional components and morphological characteristics of the synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized by a series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A comprehensive array of analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, photocurrent testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, was employed to systematically investigate the optical, chemical, and photoelectronic properties of the materials. Using oxytetracycline (OTC), a representative tetracycline antibiotic, as the target substrate, the photocatalytic activity of the HAO composite was assessed under visible light irradiation. Comparative analyses demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation capability of the HAO composite surpassed those of its individual components. Notably, during the degradation process, the application of the HAO composite resulted in an impressive removal efficiency of 99.89% for OTC within a span of 95 min, along with a total organic carbon mineralization rate of 98.35%. This outstanding photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the efficient Z-scheme electron-hole separation system occurring between HoInSbO and AgPO. Moreover, the adaptability and stability of the HAO heterojunction were thoroughly validated. Through experiments involving the capture of reactive species and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, the active species generated by HAO were identified as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (•O), and holes (h). This identification provides valuable insights into the mechanisms and pathways associated with the photodegradation of OTC. In conclusion, this research not only elucidates the potential of HAO as an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst but also marks a significant contribution to the advancement of sustainable remediation strategies for OTC contamination.
在本研究中，首次通过超声辅助溶剂热法成功制备了Z型HoInSbO/AgPO（HAO）异质结光催化剂。通过一系列技术对合成材料的结构特征、组成成分和形态特征进行了全面表征，包括X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱。采用了一系列综合分析技术，包括紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱、光致发光光谱、时间分辨光致发光光谱、光电流测试、电化学阻抗谱、电子顺磁共振和紫外光电子能谱，系统地研究了材料的光学、化学和光电子性质。以代表性的四环素抗生素土霉素（OTC）为目标底物，评估了HAO复合材料在可见光照射下的光催化活性。对比分析表明，HAO复合材料的光催化降解能力超过了其各个组分。值得注意的是，在降解过程中，HAO复合材料在95分钟内对OTC的去除效率达到了令人印象深刻的99.89%，总有机碳矿化率为98.35%。这种优异的光催化性能可归因于HoInSbO和AgPO之间发生的高效Z型电子-空穴分离系统。此外，HAO异质结的适应性和稳定性也得到了充分验证。通过活性物种捕获和电子顺磁共振分析实验，确定HAO产生的活性物种为羟基自由基（•OH）、超氧阴离子（•O）和空穴（h）。这一鉴定为与OTC光降解相关的机制和途径提供了有价值的见解。总之，本研究不仅阐明了HAO作为一种高效Z型异质结光催化剂的潜力，也为OTC污染的可持续修复策略的发展做出了重要贡献。
