Grimaccia Elena, Naccarato Alessia
Istat, National Institute for Statistics, Via Cesare Balbo 16, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Department of Economics, Roma Tre University, Via Silvio D'Amico, 77, 00145 Rome, Italy.
Soc Indic Res. 2022;161(2-3):649-667. doi: 10.1007/s11205-020-02387-8. Epub 2020 May 21.
Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways. The study presents a comparison of the principal determinants of individual food insecurity in Europe and other Continents, with particular regard to gender, since the literature clearly states the importance of women in the administration of food in the household. The study of gender related differences in food insecurity is particularly important in Europe, since women experience food insecurity at a larger extent than men, but with a variability related to the geographical distribution and with complex relationships with economic and social drivers. Using a large international sample of individual level data, that allows the analysis for developed Countries for the first time, and the first experiential measure of food insecurity comparable at the global level, the paper analyses the principal determinants of gender differences in food insecurity. In order to verify if women's vulnerability in food insecurity is moderated by specific factors, the modelling approach allows gender to vary by education, poverty, place of residence. The results suggest that the driver that could most mitigate women disadvantage is education: people with a university degree present a lower probability of experiencing food insecurity, both for men and for women. On the contrary, familial characteristics, such as the number of children in the household, present a higher impact on women's food insecurity than on men's.
粮食不安全是指营养充足且安全的食物供应有限或不确定，或者以社会可接受的方式获取食物的能力有限或不确定。该研究对欧洲及其他各大洲个人粮食不安全的主要决定因素进行了比较，尤其关注性别方面，因为文献明确指出女性在家庭食物管理中的重要性。在欧洲，研究粮食不安全方面与性别相关的差异尤为重要，因为女性比男性更容易经历粮食不安全，但其程度因地理分布而异，并且与经济和社会驱动因素存在复杂关系。本文使用大量国际个人层面数据样本，首次对发达国家进行分析，并采用全球层面可比的首个粮食不安全经验衡量指标，分析了粮食不安全中性别差异的主要决定因素。为了验证粮食不安全方面女性的脆弱性是否受到特定因素的调节，建模方法允许性别因教育程度、贫困状况、居住地点而有所不同。结果表明，最能减轻女性劣势的因素是教育：拥有大学学位的人经历粮食不安全的可能性较低，无论男性还是女性都是如此。相反，家庭特征，如家庭中孩子的数量，对女性粮食不安全的影响比对男性的影响更大。
