Fotakis Emmanouil Alexandros, Kontele Ioanna, Tzoutzou Milia, Grammatikopoulou Maria G, Arvanitaki Eirini, Sergentanis Theodoros N, Kotrokois Konstantinos, Kornarou Eleni, Vassilakou Tonia
Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Sitia, Greece.
Foods. 2024 May 18;13(10):1579. doi: 10.3390/foods13101579.
Food insecurity comprises a major global public health threat, as its effects are detrimental to the mental, physical, and social aspects of the health and well-being of those experiencing it. We performed a narrative literature review on the magnitude of global food insecurity with a special emphasis on Greece and analyzed the major factors driving food insecurity, taking into consideration also the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic search of international literature was conducted in three databases. More than 900 million people worldwide experience severe food insecurity, with future projections showing increasing trends. Within Europe, Eastern and Southern European countries display the highest food insecurity prevalence rates, with Greece reporting a prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity ranging between 6.6% and 8% for the period 2019-2022. Climate change, war, armed conflicts and economic crises are major underlying drivers of food insecurity. Amidst these drivers, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on food insecurity levels around the globe, through halting economic growth, disrupting food supply chains and increasing unemployment and poverty. Tackling food insecurity through addressing its key drivers is essential to any progress towards succeeding the Sustainable Development Goal of "Zero Hunger".
粮食不安全构成了一项重大的全球公共卫生威胁，因为其影响对经历粮食不安全的人们的健康和福祉的心理、身体及社会层面都有害。我们对全球粮食不安全的规模进行了叙述性文献综述，特别关注希腊，并分析了导致粮食不安全的主要因素，同时也考虑了新冠疫情的影响。在三个数据库中对国际文献进行了电子检索。全球有超过9亿人面临严重的粮食不安全，未来预测显示这一趋势还在上升。在欧洲，东欧和南欧国家的粮食不安全患病率最高，希腊报告称在2019年至2022年期间，中度或重度粮食不安全的患病率在6.6%至8%之间。气候变化、战争、武装冲突和经济危机是粮食不安全的主要潜在驱动因素。在这些驱动因素中，新冠疫情通过阻碍经济增长、扰乱粮食供应链以及增加失业和贫困，对全球粮食不安全水平产生了深远影响。通过解决其关键驱动因素来应对粮食不安全，对于实现“零饥饿”这一可持续发展目标的任何进展都至关重要。
