Brailovskaia Julia, Margraf Jürgen
Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2020 Sep-Dec;20(3):183-191. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.06.002. Epub 2020 Jun 28.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of COVID-19 and the lack of vaccine made extraordinary actions such as social distancing necessary. While some individuals experience the restrictions on daily life as a heavy burden, others adapt to the situation and try to make the best of it. The present longitudinal study investigated the extent and predictors of the burden induced by the outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany.
Data were assessed in October 2019 using the DASS-21 and the PMH-Scale, and in March 2020 adding a six-item measure of burden and a 2-item rating of sense of control.
In a sample of 436 participants, about 28% stayed in self-quarantine, 22 persons had relevant symptoms and one person was positively tested for COVID-19. Most participants experienced medium to high levels of burden but tried to make the best of it. Stress symptoms in 2019 predicted a higher level of burden and PMH predicted a lower level of burden in March 2020. Remarkably, depression and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict burden. The protective effect of PMH and the negative impact of stress symptoms were mediated by perceived sense of control.
The results emphasize the protective effect of PMH in extraordinary situations such as the current outbreak of COVID-19.
背景/目的：新冠疫情的爆发以及疫苗的短缺使得诸如保持社交距离等非常措施成为必要。虽然一些人将日常生活中的限制视为沉重负担，但另一些人则适应这种情况并努力充分利用它。本纵向研究调查了德国新冠疫情爆发所带来负担的程度及其预测因素。
2019年10月使用抑郁焦虑压力量表（DASS-21）和心理幸福感量表（PMH-Scale）进行数据评估，2020年3月增加了一项六项负担测量和一项两项控制感评分。
在436名参与者的样本中，约28%的人进行了自我隔离，22人有相关症状，1人新冠病毒检测呈阳性。大多数参与者经历了中度到高度的负担，但仍努力充分应对。2019年的压力症状预示着2020年3月更高的负担水平，而PMH预示着更低的负担水平。值得注意的是，抑郁和焦虑症状并未显著预测负担。PMH的保护作用和压力症状的负面影响是通过感知控制感介导的。
研究结果强调了PMH在当前新冠疫情爆发等特殊情况下的保护作用。
