从电视到平板电脑：特定设备的屏幕时间与健康相关行为和特征的关系。
From TVs to tablets: the relation between device-specific screen time and health-related behaviors and characteristics.
机构信息
Radical Simplicity Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Aug 26;20(1):1295. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09410-0.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine whether extended use of a variety of screen-based devices, in addition to television, was associated with poor dietary habits and other health-related characteristics and behaviors among US adults. The recent phenomenon of binge-watching was also explored.
METHODS
A survey to assess screen time across multiple devices, dietary habits, sleep duration and quality, perceived stress, self-rated health, physical activity, and body mass index, was administered to a sample of US adults using the Qualtrics platform and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were adults 18 years of age and older, English speakers, current US residents, and owners of a television and at least one other device with a screen. Three different screen time categories (heavy, moderate, and light) were created for total screen time, and separately for screen time by type of screen, based on distribution tertiles. Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and health-related characteristics between screen time categories.
RESULTS
Aggregate screen time across all devices totaled 17.5 h per day for heavy users. Heavy users reported the least healthful dietary patterns and the poorest health-related characteristics - including self-rated health - compared to moderate and light users. Moreover, unique dietary habits emerged when examining dietary patterns by type of screen separately, such that heavy users of TV and smartphone displayed the least healthful dietary patterns compared to heavy users of TV-connected devices, laptop, and tablet. Binge-watching was also significantly associated with less healthy dietary patterns, including frequency of fast-food consumption as well as eating family meals in front of a television, and perceived stress.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study found that poorer dietary choices, as well as other negative health-related impacts, occurred more often as the viewing time of a variety of different screen-based devices increased in a sample of US adults. Future research is needed to better understand what factors among different screen-based devices might affect health behaviors and in turn health-related outcomes. Research is also required to better understand how binge-watching behavior contributes impacts health-related behaviors and characteristics.
背景
本研究旨在探讨除电视外，长时间使用各种屏幕设备是否与美国成年人不良的饮食习惯和其他健康相关特征及行为有关。本研究还探讨了最近出现的 binge-watching 现象。
方法
采用在线问卷调查的方式，使用 Qualtrics 平台并通过亚马逊 Mechanical Turk（MTurk）分发问卷，对美国成年人的屏幕时间使用情况（包括多种设备）、饮食习惯、睡眠时长和质量、感知压力、自我健康评估、身体活动和身体质量指数进行了评估。参与者为年龄在 18 岁及以上、英语为母语、现居美国、拥有电视和至少一种其他带屏设备的成年人。根据分布 tertiles 将总屏幕时间和不同类型屏幕的屏幕时间分别分为重度、中度和轻度三个不同的屏幕时间类别。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验比较不同屏幕时间类别之间的饮食习惯和健康相关特征的差异。
结果
重度使用者每天在所有设备上的总屏幕时间总计为 17.5 小时。与中度和轻度使用者相比，重度使用者报告的饮食习惯最不健康，健康相关特征最差，包括自我健康评估。此外，当分别按屏幕类型检查饮食模式时，出现了独特的饮食习惯，例如与电视连接设备、笔记本电脑和平板电脑相比，重度使用电视和智能手机的用户表现出最不健康的饮食习惯。 binge-watching 也与较不健康的饮食习惯显著相关，包括快餐消费频率以及在电视机前吃家庭餐的频率，以及感知压力。
结论
本研究发现，在一个美国成年人样本中，随着对各种不同屏幕设备的观看时间的增加，较差的饮食选择以及其他与健康相关的负面影响发生的频率更高。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解不同屏幕设备中的哪些因素可能会影响健康行为，进而影响健康相关结果。还需要研究 binge-watching 行为如何影响健康相关行为和特征。
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