Zhang Meng, Zhai Yanhui, Zhang Sheng, Dai Xiangpeng, Li Ziyi
Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Aug 11;8:782. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00782. eCollection 2020.
N6-methyladenosine (mA) is one of the most abundant internal mRNA modifications, and it affects multiple biological processes related to eukaryotic mRNA. The majority of mA sites are located in stop codons and 3'UTR regions of mRNAs. mA regulates RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA), mRNA export, decay, stabilization, and translation. The mA metabolic pathway is regulated by a series of mA writers, erasers and readers. Recent studies indicate that mA is essential for the regulation of gene expression, tumor formation, stem cell fate, gametogenesis, and animal development. In this systematic review, we summarized the recent advances in newly identified mA effectors and the effects of mA on RNA metabolism. Subsequently, we reviewed the functional roles of RNA mA modification in diverse cellular bioprocesses, such as stem cell fate decisions, cell reprogramming and early embryonic development, and we discussed the potential of mA modification to be applied to regenerative medicine, disease treatment, organ transplantation, and animal reproduction.
N6-甲基腺嘌呤（mA）是最丰富的内部mRNA修饰之一，它影响与真核生物mRNA相关的多个生物学过程。大多数mA位点位于mRNA的终止密码子和3'UTR区域。mA调节RNA代谢，包括可变剪接（AS）、可变聚腺苷酸化（APA）、mRNA输出、衰变、稳定和翻译。mA代谢途径由一系列mA写入器、擦除器和读取器调节。最近的研究表明，mA对于基因表达调控、肿瘤形成、干细胞命运、配子发生和动物发育至关重要。在本系统综述中，我们总结了新鉴定的mA效应物的最新进展以及mA对RNA代谢的影响。随后，我们回顾了RNA mA修饰在各种细胞生物过程中的功能作用，如干细胞命运决定、细胞重编程和早期胚胎发育，并讨论了mA修饰在再生医学、疾病治疗、器官移植和动物繁殖中的应用潜力。
